Microdata analysis of Japanese farmers’ productivity: Estimating farm heterogeneity and elasticity of substitution among varieties
Microdata analysis of Japanese farmers’ productivity: Estimating farm heterogeneity and elasticity of substitution among varieties
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DOI：
10.1111/agec.12639
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yuko Akune;Nobuhiro Hosoe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuko Akune;Nobuhiro Hosoe
现代贸易和经济地理学理论特别关注制造业垄断竞争下的产品差异化作用，而农业被认为是生产同质商品的。相比之下，农业企业研究揭示了活跃的企业家，他们拥有高生产率，并通过在自己的利基市场创造新产品来实现产品差异化。鉴于这两种相互矛盾的农业观点，我们考察了农场异质性和产品差异化的发生率。本研究使用日本农民的微观数据来估计他们的全要素生产率。我们发现，园艺、谷物和大豆(不包括水稻)和水果种植部门的异质性相对较低，而畜牧业部门的异质性较高。此外，畜牧业的产品差异化程度较高，替代弹性高达3，这与早先对农业和制造业的研究结果相似。
Modern theories of trade and economic geography pay particular attention to the role of product differentiation under monopolistic competition in manufacturing, while agriculture is considered to produce homogeneous goods. By contrast, agribusiness studies shed light on active entrepreneurs who have high productivity and are engaged in product differentiation by creating new products in their niches. Given these two contradicting views of agriculture, we examine the incidence of farm heterogeneity and product differentiation. This study uses microdata of Japanese farmers to estimate their total factor productivity. We find that heterogeneity is relatively low in the horticulture, grain and soybean (excluding rice), and fruit farming sectors, and high in the livestock sectors. In addition, the degree of product differentiation is relatively high in the livestock sectors, and the elasticity of substitution is as high as three, which is similar to findings in earlier studies on agriculture and manufacturing.