Emerging roles for microglia and microbiota in the development of social circuits.
Emerging roles for microglia and microbiota in the development of social circuits.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100296
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith CJ
社交退缩是对感染的行为反应的核心组成部分。这一事实表明，免疫系统和社会大脑之间存在着深刻的进化和生物学关系。事实上，大量的文献支持这种密切的联系。特别是，围产期的免疫激活已被证明对社会行为有长期的影响，但这种情况发生的神经免疫机制只有部分了解。小胶质细胞是大脑中的常驻免疫细胞，通过吞噬突触和细胞成分以及通过释放趋化因子和细胞因子来影响神经回路的形成。有趣的是，微生物群，特别是那些驻留在肠道内的微生物群，也可能通过释放进入大脑的代谢物，通过影响迷走神经信号传导或通过调节宿主免疫系统来影响大脑发育。在这里，我将回顾表明小胶质细胞和微生物群在发育过程中社交回路形成中发挥重要作用的工作。然后，我将强调这一领域未来工作的途径，以及技术进步，这些技术进步扩展了我们提出有关小胶质细胞，微生物群和社会大脑之间关系的机械问题的能力。
Social withdrawal is a core component of the behavioral response to infection. This fact points to a deep evolutionary and biologic relationship between the immune system and the social brain. Indeed, a large body of literature supports such an intimate connection. In particular, immune activation during the perinatal period has been shown to have long-lasting consequences for social behavior, but the neuroimmune mechanisms by which this occurs are only partially understood. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, influence the formation of neural circuits by phagocytosing synaptic and cellular elements, as well as by releasing chemokines and cytokines. Intriguingly, microbiota, especially those that reside within the gut, may also influence brain development via the release of metabolites that travel to the brain, by influencing vagal nerve signaling, or by modulating the host immune system. Here, I will review the work suggesting important roles for microglia and microbiota in social circuit formation during development. I will then highlight avenues for future work in this area, as well as technological advances that extend our capacity to ask mechanistic questions about the relationships between microglia, microbiota, and the social brain.
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