Injury Profiles Associated with Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Tarkwa, Ghana.
Injury Profiles Associated with Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Tarkwa, Ghana.
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加纳塔克瓦（Tarkwa）的手工和小规模金矿开采相关的伤害概况。
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph120707922
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发表时间：
2015-07-10
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robins T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calys-Tagoe BN;Ovadje L;Clarke E;Basu N;Robins T
手工和小规模金矿开采 (ASGM) 本质上是有风险的，但尽管 ASGM 及其带来的好处在全球范围内取得了巨大的增长，但人们对采矿相关的危害和伤害却知之甚少。目前的研究旨在描述加纳与手工和小规模采金相关的身体伤害特征，以指导政策制定。 2014年，加纳西部地区塔夸矿区开展了一项横断面调查，共招募了404名小规模矿工，并采用纸质结构化调查问卷对其过去10年的职业伤害经历进行了访谈。近四分之一（23.5%）的受访矿工表示在过去 10 年里曾受伤过，总体受伤率为每 100 人年 5.39 人。女性（每 100 人年 11.93 人）和采矿经验很少的人（例如，工作经验不到一年的人每 100 人年 25.31 人）的比例明显更高。最容易受伤的采矿活动是挖掘（58.7%）和破碎（23.1%），据报道超过 70% 的伤害是由于矿工被物体击中造成的。大多数伤害（57%）是撕裂伤，近70%的伤害发生在上肢或下肢。大约三分之一（34.7%）的伤害导致矿工缺勤两周以上。四分之一的受伤工人认为异常工作压力是导致他们受伤的原因之一，近五分之二的人认为他们的伤害是可以避免的，许多人认为个人防护装备是解决方案。大约四分之一的员工表示，他们的雇主似乎从来不关心员工的福利或安全。这些发现极大地增进了我们对手工和小规模采金工人职业危害和伤害的了解，并有助于确定几个干预点。
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is inherently risky, but little is known about mining-associated hazards and injuries despite the tremendous growth worldwide of ASGM and the benefits it offers. The current study aimed to characterize the physical injuries associated with ASGM in Ghana to guide policy formulation. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Tarkwa mining district of the Western Region of Ghana in 2014. A total of 404 small-scale miners were recruited and interviewed regarding their occupational injury experiences over the preceding 10 years using a paper-based structured questionnaire. Nearly one-quarter (23.5%) of the miners interviewed reported getting injured over the previous 10 years, and the overall injury rate was calculated to be 5.39 per 100 person years. The rate was significantly higher for women (11.93 per 100 person years) and those with little mining experience (e.g., 25.31 per 100 person years for those with less than one year of work experience). The most injury-prone mining activities were excavation (58.7%) and crushing (23.1%), and over 70% of the injuries were reported to be due to miners being hit by an object. The majority of the injuries (57%) were lacerations, and nearly 70% of the injuries were to the upper or lower limbs. Approximately one-third (34.7%) of the injuries resulted in miners missing more than two weeks of work. One-quarter of the injured workers believed that abnormal work pressure played a role in their injuries, and nearly two-fifths believed that their injuries could have been prevented, with many citing personal protective equipment as a solution. About one-quarter of the employees reported that their employers never seemed to be interested in the welfare or safety of their employees. These findings greatly advance our understanding of occupational hazards and injuries amongst ASGM workers and help identify several intervention points.