Disassembling cattle and enskilling subjectivities: Butchering techniques and the emergence of new colonial subjects in Santiago de Guatemala
Disassembling cattle and enskilling subjectivities: Butchering techniques and the emergence of new colonial subjects in Santiago de Guatemala
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DOI：
10.1177/1469605320906910
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发表时间：
2020-02-18
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Delsol, Nicolas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Delsol, Nicolas
当欧洲人在世纪将牛引入危地马拉时，他们也带来了一个全新的行业，包括牧场、屠宰场和新的劳动形式。一方面，养牛者不得不把牲畜当作完整的生物体来对待，需要照顾和养育，以维持和增加牛群。这些动物是牧场主为特定目的而种植的。首先，中美洲殖民地养牛是为了生产兽皮和皮革，用于与西班牙的洲际贸易。牛体的常规分解创造了这些新产品，但它也产生了一些意想不到的后果，即在这些设施的土著工人中产生了新的主体地位。旨在提取动物器官的新形式屠宰技术不同于土著人狩猎和剥削动物的做法，后者旨在保护动物身体的完整性。新引入的技术，涉及动物身体的划分也涉及劳动的增加，伴随着新的身体技术和姿势。随着屠夫和屠夫变得熟练，他们的身体发生了变化，他们的hexis也发生了变化。为了实现这些想法，结合动物考古学（屠宰痕迹），人种学和历史证据的技术方法被用来调查人类和牛如何相互生长对方的物质和主体性。
When they introduced cattle into Guatemala in the 16th century, Europeans also brought a whole new industry involving ranches, slaughterhouses, and new forms of labor. On the one hand, cattle producers had to treat the animals as intact living organisms requiring care and nurture to maintain and increase the herds. Those animals were grown by the ranchers for specific purposes. In the first place, colonial Mesoamerican cattle were raised to produce hides and leather for intercontinental trade with Spain. The regularized disassembling of the bovine bodies created these new products, but it also had some unintended consequences, namely the generation of new subject positions among the indigenous workers of these facilities. New forms of butchering techniques aimed at extracting animal parts were unlike the indigenous practices of animal hunting and exploitation, which aimed at preserving the physical integrity of the animals' bodies. The newly introduced techniques that involved the compartmentalization of animal bodies also involved an increased compartmentalization of labor, accompanied by new body techniques and gestures. As the butchers and the tanners became enskilled, their bodies changed and so did their hexis. To operationalize these ideas, technological approaches combined with zooarchaeological (butchery marks), ethnographic, and historical evidence are used to investigate how humans and cattle mutually grew each other's matter and subjectivities.