Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken
Circadian disruption and divergent microbiota acquisition under extended photoperiod regimens in chicken
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DOI：
10.7717/peerj.6592
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发表时间：
2019-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Athrey, Giridhar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hieke, Anne-Sophie Charlotte;Hubert, Shawna Marie;Athrey, Giridhar
肠道微生物群对于代谢稳态、免疫、生长和整体健康至关重要，人们认识到生命早期微生物群的获得是晚年健康的关键事件。最近的研究表明，健康个体的肠道微生物群多样性和功能活动与宿主昼夜节律同步，而昼夜节律破坏会在哺乳动物模型中引起生态失调。然而，尚无研究确定鸟类早期生命节律紊乱、微生物群定植以及对微生物群结构的影响之间的关联。鸡是世界各地蛋白质的主要来源，也是最重要的农业物种之一，它们的肠道和代谢健康受到重大关注。家禽业通常采用延长光周期（> 18 小时光照）作为管理工具，其对鸡昼夜节律的影响、其在生命早期（生命的前 3 周）肠道微生物群获取中的作用以及对以后生命微生物群结构的影响仍然未知。在本研究中，目标是 (a) 表征蛋鸡在两种不同光照条件下的昼夜节律活动（12/12 小时光/暗 (LD) 和 23/1 小时 LD），(b) 表征生命前 4 周肠道微生物群的获取和组成，(c) 确定肠道微生物群是否与宿主昼夜节律同步振荡，以及 (d) 确定粪便微生物群是否代表生命早期的盲肠微生物群。对两种光周期处理下饲养的鸟类的时钟基因（clock、bmall 和 per2）的表达进行了测定，并使用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子分析对粪便和盲肠微生物群进行了表征。在 12/12 LD 光周期下饲养的鸡表现出节律性时钟基因活性，而在延长 (23/1 LD) 光周期下饲养的鸡则不存在这种活性。新孵出的雏鸡在不同光周期条件下获得的微生物群存在差异。肠道微生物群成员表现出与宿主相似的振荡模式，但这种关联不如在哺乳动物中发现的那么强烈。最后，发现粪便微生物群不能代表幼鸟的盲肠微生物群成员和结构。这是首批证明使用光周期来调节新孵化雏鸡微生物群获取的研究之一，并展示了它们作为促进有益微生物定植的工具的潜力。
The gut microbiota is crucial for metabolic homeostasis, immunity, growth and overall health, and it is recognized that early-life microbiota acquisition is a pivotal event for later-life health. Recent studies show that gut microbiota diversity and functional activity are synchronized with the host circadian rhythms in healthy individuals, and circadian disruption elicits dysbiosis in mammalian models. However, no studies have determined the associations between circadian disruption in early life, microbiota colonization, and the consequences for microbiota structure in birds. Chickens, as a major source of protein around the world, are one of the most important agricultural species, and their gut and metabolic health are significant concerns. The poultry industry routinely employs extended photoperiods (>18 h light) as a management tool, and their impacts on the chicken circadian, its role in gut microbiota acquisition in early life (first 3 weeks of life), and consequences for later life microbiota structure remain unknown. In this study, the objectives were to (a) characterize circadian activity under two different light regimes in layer chicken (12/12 h' Light/Dark (LD) and 23/1 h LD), (b) characterize gut microbiota acquisition and composition in the first 4 weeks of life, (c) determine if gut microbiota oscillate in synchrony with the host circadian rhythm, and (d) to determine if fecal microbiota is representative of cecal microbiota in early life. Expression of clock genes (clock, bmall, and per2) was assayed, and fecal and cecal microbiotas were characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses from birds raised under two photoperiod treatments. Chickens raised under 12/12 LD photoperiods exhibited rhythmic clock gene activity, which was absent in birds raised under the extended (23/1 LD) photoperiod. There was differential microbiota acquisition under different photoperiod regimes in newly hatched chicks. Gut microbiota members showed a similar oscillating pattern as the host, but this association was not as strong as found in mammals. Finally, the fecal microbiota was found to be not representative of cecal microbiota membership and structure in young birds. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the use of photoperiods to modulate microbiota acquisition in newly hatched chicks, and show their potential as a tool to promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms.