The effects of self-selected lightdark cycles and social constraints on human sleep and circadian timing: a modeling approach
The effects of self-selected lightdark cycles and social constraints on human sleep and circadian timing: a modeling approach
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DOI：
10.1038/srep45158
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发表时间：
2017-03-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Dijk, Derk-Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skeldon, Anne C.;Phillips, Andrew J. K.;Dijk, Derk-Jan
为什么我们要晚睡，还要努力准时起床？历史上，光暗周期是由太阳日决定的，但现在人类可以通过打开人造灯来延长光照时间。我们使用了一个结合光、昼夜节律和睡眠稳态影响的数学模型，为理解现代光消耗模式对人类昼夜节律系统的影响提供了一个定量的理论框架。该模型显示，在没有人造光的情况下，人类在黎明醒来。人造光延迟了昼夜节律和首选睡眠时间，并在没有强制执行的情况下损害了与太阳日的同步。当醒着的时间受到工作或学校等社会约束时，人造光会导致睡眠时间和昼夜节律不匹配（“社交时差”）。该模型表明，睡眠内稳态和昼夜节律振幅的发育变化使青少年对光消耗的影响特别敏感。该模型预测，减少晚上的光照消耗比推迟社交限制更有效地改善了社交时差，特别是对于生物钟较慢或日出后才起床的人来说。这些有理论依据的预测可能有助于设计干预措施，以预防和治疗昼夜节律睡眠障碍和社交时差。
Why do we go to sleep late and struggle to wake up on time? Historically, light-dark cycles were dictated by the solar day, but now humans can extend light exposure by switching on artificial lights. We use a mathematical model incorporating effects of light, circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis to provide a quantitative theoretical framework to understand effects of modern patterns of light consumption on the human circadian system. The model shows that without artificial light humans wakeup at dawn. Artificial light delays circadian rhythmicity and preferred sleep timing and compromises synchronisation to the solar day when wake-times are not enforced. When wake-times are enforced by social constraints, such as work or school, artificial light induces a mismatch between sleep timing and circadian rhythmicity ('social jet-lag'). The model implies that developmental changes in sleep homeostasis and circadian amplitude make adolescents particularly sensitive to effects of light consumption. The model predicts that ameliorating social jet-lag is more effectively achieved by reducing evening light consumption than by delaying social constraints, particularly in individuals with slow circadian clocks or when imposed wake-times occur after sunrise. These theory-informed predictions may aid design of interventions to prevent and treat circadian rhythm-sleep disorders and social jet-lag.