The causes and consequences of pest population variability in agricultural landscapes
The causes and consequences of pest population variability in agricultural landscapes
复制标题
农业景观中害虫种群变异的原因和后果
DOI：
10.1002/eap.2607
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Karp, Daniel S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paredes, Daniel;Rosenheim, Jay A.;Karp, Daniel S.
人口密度的变化是自然系统生态的关键，但对农业也有重大影响。农民的决策在很大程度上受到他们对虫害暴发的风险厌恶的影响，虫害暴发会导致重大产量损失。然而，许多农场对长期害虫种群数据的需求阻碍了研究人员探索害虫种群变异性(PV)的驱动因素和影响。在这里，我们通过分析1300个西班牙橄榄园和葡萄园的13年 虫害密度来证明光伏对可持续农业的关键重要性。可变种群更有可能造成重大产量损失，但当密度降至杀虫剂喷洒阈值以下时，偶尔也会产生时间窗口。重要的是，控制害虫变异性的环境因素与控制平均密度的因素非常不同，这表明变异性需要得到独特的管理。最后，我们发现多样化的景观对自然保护和农民来说可能是一个双赢的局面，因为多样化的景观促进了较少数量和较少变化的害虫种群。因此，我们鼓励农业利益攸关方通过保护/恢复自然栖息地和/或使作物多样化，增加其农场周围景观的复杂性。
Variability in population densities is key to the ecology of natural systems but also has great implications for agriculture. Farmers' decisions are heavily influenced by their risk aversion to pest outbreaks that result in major yield losses. However, the need for long‐term pest population data across many farms has prevented researchers from exploring the drivers and implications of pest population variability (PV). Here, we demonstrate the critical importance of PV for sustainable farming by analyzing 13 years of pest densities across >1300 Spanish olive groves and vineyards. Variable populations were more likely to cause major yield losses, but also occasionally created temporal windows when densities fell below insecticide spray thresholds. Importantly, environmental factors regulating pest variability were very distinct from factors regulating mean density, suggesting variability needs to be uniquely managed. Finally, we found diversifying landscapes may be a win–win situation for conservation and farmers, as diversified landscapes promote less abundant and less variable pest populations. Therefore, we encourage agricultural stakeholders to increase the complexity of the landscapes surrounding their farms through conserving/restoring natural habitat and/or diversifying crops.