Experimental studies on particle emissions from cruising ship, their characteristic properties, transformation and atmospheric lifetime in the marine boundary layer
Experimental studies on particle emissions from cruising ship, their characteristic properties, transformation and atmospheric lifetime in the marine boundary layer
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/acp-8-2387-2008
复制
发表时间：
2008-05
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Andreas Petzold;J. Hasselbach;P. Lauer;R. Baumann;K. Franke;C. Gurk;H. Schlager;E. Weingartner-E.-Wei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andreas Petzold;J. Hasselbach;P. Lauer;R. Baumann;K. Franke;C. Gurk;H. Schlager;E. Weingartner-E.-Wei
本文通过发动机试验台研究和船舶膨胀羽流的航空测量，研究了船舶发动机的颗粒排放及其在海洋边界层中的大气转化。在试验台研究中，详细测量了MAN B&W系列七缸四冲程船用柴油机在不同负载条件下废气中气溶胶的微物理和化学特性。使用DLR猎鹰20 E-5飞机对英吉利海峡一艘大型集装箱船的羽流进行了空气中气溶胶转化研究，补充了排放研究。发射研究和羽流研究的观测结果与高斯羽流弥散模型相结合，得出了羽流膨胀期间从发射到大气处理的粒子转变过程的一致图像。从羽流测量中获得的颗粒物排放指数是非挥发性颗粒的8.8±1.0×10 15 （kg燃料）−1，黑碳（BC）的质量为174±43 mg （kg燃料）−1。在85 - 110%发动机负荷的试验台条件下确定的值也具有相似的量级。对于包括挥发性化合物在内的总颗粒数，由于挥发性气溶胶部分在羽流中受到快速转化过程的影响，无法推导出排放指数。船舶排气颗粒的粒径范围为D p D p≤0.02 μm。从扩展羽流中船舶废气颗粒数浓度的衰减来看，羽流的最大寿命约为。混合良好的海洋边界层估计为24小时。
Particle emissions from ship engines and their atmospheric transformation in the marine boundary layer (MBL) were investigated in engine test bed studies and in airborne measurements of expanding ship plumes. During the test rig studies, detailed aerosol microphysical and chemical properties were measured in the exhaust gas of a serial MAN B&W seven-cylinder four-stroke marine diesel engine under various load conditions. The emission studies were complemented by airborne aerosol transformation studies in the plume of a large container ship in the English Channel using the DLR aircraft Falcon 20 E-5. Observations from emission studies and plume studies combined with a Gaussian plume dispersion model yield a consistent picture of particle transformation processes from emission to atmospheric processing during plume expansion. Particulate matter emission indices obtained from plume measurements are 8.8±1.0×10 15 (kg fuel) −1 by number for non-volatile particles and 174±43 mg (kg fuel) −1 by mass for Black Carbon (BC). Values determined for test rig conditions between 85 and 110% engine load are of similar magnitude. For the total particle number including volatile compounds no emission index can be derived since the volatile aerosol fraction is subject to rapid transformation processes in the plume. Ship exhaust particles occur in the size range D p D p ≤0.02 μm. From the decay of ship exhaust particle number concentrations in an expanding plume, a maximum plume life time of approx. 24 h is estimated for a well-mixed marine boundary layer.