Relating immune and stress responses to infection resistance and tolerance.
Relating immune and stress responses to infection resistance and tolerance.
复制标题
将免疫和应激反应与感染抵抗力和耐受性联系起来。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2009.10.012
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schneider,David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneider,David
没有一个生理系统是孤立存在的；信号网络连接着我们所有的系统，免疫系统也不例外。昆虫研究已被用于研究睡眠、繁殖、饮食和衰老等生理过程之间的各种信号循环。免疫系统改变这些生理系统，而这些生理系统的改变反过来又反馈给免疫系统。关于昆虫免疫的早期研究强调如何刺激免疫反应，但随着该领域的成熟，这些研究正朝着描述综合反应的方向发展（Lemaitre等人1996年；Shirasu-Hiza和Schneider 2007年）。生态学家描述了两种途径来保持对感染的适应性（Raberg et al. 2009; Schneider and Ayres 2008）。它们是抵抗和容忍。抗性是限制病原体生长的能力，耐受性是限制病原体损害的能力。例如，一种植物，因为它有刺，可以防止牛吃它，这就被认为是抗性的，因为它减少了牛吃花的威胁。一种植物只要长出新的花朵来代替被吃掉的花朵，就可以耐受，因为它对花的消耗没有直接的影响。
No physiological system exists in isolation; signaling webs link all of our systems and the immune system is no exception. Insect studies have been used to investigate a variety of signaling loops between physiologies like sleep, reproduction, diet and aging. The immune system modifies these physiological systems, and, in turn, alterations in these physiologies, feed back on immunity. Early studies on insect immunity stressed how the immune response is stimulated but as the field matures, these studies are moving towards a description of integrated responses (Lemaitre et al. 1996; Shirasu-Hiza and Schneider 2007).Ecologists describe two routes to maintaining fitness to infections (Raberg et al. 2009; Schneider and Ayres 2008). These are resistance and tolerance. Resistance is the ability to limit pathogen growth and tolerance is the ability to limit pathogen damage. For example, a plant that can prevent cows from eating it because it has thorns would be considered resistant because it reduces the the threat of cows consuming the flowers. A plant that simply grows new flowers to replace eaten flowers would be tolerant as it has no outright effect on flower consumption.