The evolutionary enhancement of genotype-phenotype linkages in the presence of multiple copies of genetic material
The evolutionary enhancement of genotype-phenotype linkages in the presence of multiple copies of genetic material
复制标题
在存在多个遗传物质拷贝的情况下，基因型-表型联系的进化增强
作者：
Uno;K.;Sunami;T.;Ichihashi;N.;Kazuta;Y.;Matsuura;T.;and Yomo;T.
原生生命所采用的遗传进化机制在没有伴随着对原生细胞中遗传物质数量的调节机制的情况下发展。当存在许多遗传物质拷贝时，突变产生的失活拷贝不能通过表型选择有效地排除。我们展示了一个基因进化的模型，该模型由人工原始细胞内不同数量的DNA启动。我们采用转录和翻译偶联的RNA复制和基于脂质体的体外区室化。尽管每个脂质体中的平均DNA拷贝数为6.4，但编码活性基因的DNA保持到第16轮选择。我们的实验和理论结果表明，基因进化可以发生在多个DNA拷贝的存在。大多数遗传物质通过基因突变成为垃圾代码，因此基因型和表型之间的联系通过活性遗传物质的相关减少而增强。
Genetic evolutionary mechanisms employed by protolife developed without accompanying regulatory mechanisms for the amounts of genetic material in protocells. When many copies of genetic material are present, inactive copies generated by mutations are not effectively excluded through phenotypic selection. We demonstrate a model of gene evolution initiated with different amounts of DNA inside artificial protocells. We adopted transcription‐ and translation‐coupled RNA replication and liposome‐based in vitro compartmentalization. Despite the fact that the average number of DNA copies in each liposome was 6.4, DNA encoding active genes was maintained until the 16th selection round. Our experimental and theoretical results indicated that gene evolution can occur in the presence of multiple DNA copies. Most genetic material became junk code through gene mutations, and consequently the linkage between genotype and phenotype was enhanced through the associated decreases in active genetic material.