Disposable diaper to collect urine samples from young children for pyrethroid pesticide studies
Disposable diaper to collect urine samples from young children for pyrethroid pesticide studies
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500334
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gardner, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hu, Y;Beach, J;Gardner, M
一次性尿布在美国和世界上许多其他地区广泛使用;因此，它们是用于测量幼儿暴露于农药的尿液收集的理想介质。然而，一次性尿布通常含有聚丙烯酸酯聚合物，这使得尿液的提取和分析非常困难。本文的目的是评估是否可以使用盐溶液浸提含有聚丙烯酸酯颗粒的一次性尿布，以及它们是否可以用于收集和定量测量选定的尿中拟除虫菊酯类农药代谢物和肌酐。还评价了在体温和冷藏温度下湿尿布中代谢物和肌酸酐的储存稳定性。测试包括氯化钙二水合物、硫酸镁、乙酸铵和氯化钠溶液的盐溶液的聚合物收缩效率。使用LC/MS/MS分析拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-（2，2-二氯乙烯基）-2，2-二甲基-（1-环丙烷）羧酸（DCCA）、3-（2，2-二溴乙烯基）2，2-二甲基-（1-环丙烷）羧酸（DBCA）和3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA），并评价从尿布释放的尿液中的回收率。研究发现氯化钙二水合物在从聚合物中释放尿液和代谢物方面令人满意。三种供试拟除虫菊酯代谢产物的回收率百分比大多在65 - 130范围内。肌酐的回收率百分比范围为71 - 133。三种代谢物的检测限均为0.1 μ g/l。拟除虫菊酯代谢物和肌酐在尿布上稳定至少72 h。我们从这项研究中得出结论，氯化钙二水合物可以成功地释放尿液和代谢物从聚丙烯酸酯含尿布，该方法是有前途的拟除虫菊酯代谢物的研究。
Disposable diapers are widely used in the US and many other areas in the world; therefore, they are ideal media for urine collection for measurement of young children's exposure to pesticides. However, disposable diapers normally contain polyacrylate polymers that make the extraction and analysis of urine very difficult. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate whether disposable diapers that contain polyacrylate granules can be extracted using salt solutions, and whether they can be used for the collection and quantitative measurements of selected urinary pyrethroid pesticide metabolites and creatinine. The storage stability of the metabolites and creatinine in a wet diaper at body temperature and at refrigeration temperature was also evaluated. Salt solutions including calcium chloride dihydrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium acetate, and sodium chloride solutions were tested for efficiency of polymer shrinkage. Pyrethroid metabolites 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid ( DCCA), 3-( 2,2-dibromovinyl)2,2, dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid (DBCA) and 3- phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) were analyzed using LC/MS/MS and evaluated for recoveries in the urine released from the diapers. The study found calcium chloride dihydate to be satisfactory in releasing urine and metabolites from the polymers. The percent recoveries for the three tested pyrethroid metabolites were mostly in the range of 65 - 130. The percent recoveries for creatinine were in the range of 71 - 133. The detection limit for each of the three metabolites was 0.1 mug/l. The pyrethroid metabolites and creatinine were stable on the diaper for at least 72 h. We concluded from this study that calcium chloride dihydrate can successfully release urine and metabolites from polyacrylate-containing diapers, and the method is promising for studies of pyrethroid metabolites.