Further characterization of adjunctive behavior generated by schedules of cocaine self‐administration
Further characterization of adjunctive behavior generated by schedules of cocaine self‐administration
复制标题
可卡因自我给药时间表产生的辅助行为的进一步表征
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
W. Woolverton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Nader;W. Woolverton
&NA;恒河猴（n = 5），手术植入双腔导管，允许自我施用可卡因（0.1或0.3 mg/kg/注射，i. v.）在几个固定间隔的加固计划下，在一个杠杆（COC杠杆）上。响应第二个杠杆（SAL杠杆）输送生理盐水（i. v.）在固定比率1计划下对两个杠杆的反应是间隔值和可卡因剂量的双调函数。对各种实验条件进行了检查，以确定SAL水平响应是否可以被认为是本质上的抑制。当停止盐水注射时，SAL杠杆反应没有改变，这表明SAL杠杆反应不是由与注射相关的内感受性刺激维持的。停止各种外感受性刺激的变化，发生了SAL杠杆反应的结果也没有影响SAL杠杆反应的频率。然而，当SAL杠杆反应后没有刺激变化时，该杠杆上的反应率下降约40 - 60%，表明刺激变化在维持行为方面发挥了一定作用。SAL和COC水平反应之间的转换延迟（2 - 16 s）的引入对SAL水平反应的影响很小或没有影响，表明SAL水平反应不是通过可卡因注射的偶然强化来维持的。当可卡因在固定时间或可变间隔强化时间表下可用时，SAL杠杆反应也发生在这些相同的猴子中。这些结果证实，在强化的间隔时间表下呈现可卡因可以产生大量的行为（按下SAL杠杆），这对于获得药物是不必要的。此外，结果强烈表明，该行为可以被归类为类似于由其他正性趋化因子的间歇性呈现所产生的趋化行为的趋化行为。
&NA; Rhesus monkeys (n = 5), surgically implanted with double‐lumen catheters, were allowed to self‐administer cocaine (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg/injection, i.v.) on one lever (COC lever) under several fixed‐interval schedules of reinforcement. Responding on a second lever (SAL lever) delivered saline (i.v.) under a fixed‐ratio 1 schedule. Responding on both levers was a bitonic function of interval value and cocaine dose. A variety of experimental conditions were examined to determine whether SAL lever responding could be considered to be adjunctive in nature. SAL lever responding did not change when saline injections were discontinued, suggesting that SAL lever responding was not maintained by interoceptive stimuli associated with the injection. Discontinuation of various exteroceptive stimulus changes that had occurred as a consequence of SAL lever responding also did not affect the frequency of SAL lever responding. However, when there was no stimulus change following a SAL lever response, response rates on that lever decreased by approximately 40‐60% indicating that stimulus change played some role in the maintenance of the behavior. The introduction of change‐over‐delays (2‐16 s) between responding on the SAL and COC levers had little or no effect on responding on the SAL lever, suggesting that SAL lever responding was not maintained by adventitious reinforcement by cocaine injections. SAL lever responding also occurred in these same monkeys when cocaine was available under fixed‐time or variable‐interval schedules of reinforcement. These results confirm that presentation of cocaine under interval schedules of reinforcement can generate substantial amounts of behavior (pressing the SAL lever) that is not necessary for obtaining the drug. Further, the results strongly suggest that the behavior can be classified as an adjunctive behavior that is similar to adjunctive behaviors generated by the intermittent presentation of other positive reinforcers.