Many hexapod groups originated earlier and withstood extinction events better than previously realized: inferences from supertrees
Many hexapod groups originated earlier and withstood extinction events better than previously realized: inferences from supertrees
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.2299
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发表时间：
2010-05-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Mayhew, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, Robert B.;Baldauf, Sandra L.;Mayhew, Peter J.
六足动物占所有描述物种的一半以上，是理解全球生物多样性进化的核心。直接的化石证据表明，新的六足目继续从侏罗纪开始起源，目前的多样性比以往任何时候都高。以前的研究还表明，净多样化率的几个变化发生在较高的分类水平。然而，他们推断的时间是依赖于遗传学。我们重新审视这些问题，使用超树的方法，提供，据我们所知，第一个复合估计hexapod订单水平的遗传。Purvis矩阵表示与简约方法提供了最佳的超树，但替代方法被认为是。推断鬼范围显示了丰富的终端谱系在订单水平的同源性达到顶峰之前，二叠纪末灭绝，而不是今天，这表明至少有11个以上的谱系幸存下来，这比单独的化石暗示。多样化的主要上移与翅膀/翅膀折叠的起源有关，据我们所知，这是第一次，显着的下移与物种贫乏类群的起源有关。G.脉翅目，无翅目）。Polyneopteran的昆虫发生，特别是Zoraptera的位置，仍然是重要的解决方案，因为这影响了多样化的变化的调查结果。我们的研究表明，如何结合化石与系统发育信息可以提高宏观进化的推论。
Comprising over half of all described species, the hexapods are central to understanding the evolution of global biodiversity. Direct fossil evidence suggests that new hexapod orders continued to originate from the Jurassic onwards, and diversity is presently higher than ever. Previous studies also suggest that several shifts in net diversification rate have occurred at higher taxonomic levels. However, their inferred timing is phylogeny dependent. We re-examine these issues using the supertree approach to provide, to our knowledge, the first composite estimates of hexapod order-level phylogeny. The Purvis matrix representation with parsimony method provides the most optimal supertree, but alternative methods are considered. Inferring ghost ranges shows richness of terminal lineages in the order-level phylogeny to peak just before the end-Permian extinction, rather than the present day, indicating that at least 11 more lineages survived this extinction than implied by fossils alone. The major upshift in diversification is associated with the origin of wings/wing folding and for the first time, to our knowledge, significant downshifts are shown associated with the origin of species-poor taxa (e. g. Neuropterida, Zoraptera). Polyneopteran phylogeny, especially the position of Zoraptera, remains important resolve because this influences findings regarding shifts in diversification. Our study shows how combining fossil with phylogenetic information can improve macroevolutionary inferences.