Mining-induced displacement and resettlement in Afghanistan's Aynak mining community: Exploring the right to fair compensation
Mining-induced displacement and resettlement in Afghanistan's Aynak mining community: Exploring the right to fair compensation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102285
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
10.2
通讯作者：
Ghulam Dastgir Khan;Y. Yoshida;Mari Katayanagi;Nematullah Hotak;Johann Caro-Burnett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ghulam Dastgir Khan;Y. Yoshida;Mari Katayanagi;Nematullah Hotak;Johann Caro-Burnett
最近的文献表明，采矿引起的流离失所和重新安置做法不足以补偿受影响的家庭，特别是在发展中国家。本文件侧重于阿富汗的艾纳克铜矿项目，并衡量与受影响家庭的社会文化和经济偏好相一致的最低补偿方案。我们对法律框架的分析暴露了立法漏洞，特别是缺乏协商进程，而实证研究则揭示了流离失所者的声音。我们收集了280名受访者的2800份选择回复，平均年龄为39岁，以确定他们对包括提供社会资本、土地、贷款和货币补偿在内的流离失所补偿方案的偏好。在393个受影响的家庭中，我们可以联系的所有人都在2019年1月至2月期间接受了调查。我们使用随机联合分析表明，理想的搬迁政策应该主要通过农用地补偿，其次是其他标准的经济术语，如住宅用地和基础设施贷款。此外，研究建议，补偿方案的设计应以纳入受项目影响家庭的声音为基础，并应考虑到社会资本、生计恢复、防止无家可归和货币补偿。
Recent literature indicates that mining-induced displacement and resettlement practices inadequately compensate affected families, particularly in developing countries. This paper focuses on the Aynak copper mine project in Afghanistan and measures the minimum compensation package that aligns with the sociocultural and economic preferences of affected households. Our analysis of the legal framework exposed legislative lacunae, particularly the lack of a consultation process, while the empirical study uncovered the voice of the displaced. We gathered 2800 choice responses from 280 respondents, with an average age of 39 years, to identify their preferences regarding a displacement compensation package including provision of social capital, land, loans, and monetary compensation. Out of 393 affected households, all those whom we could contact were surveyed during January and February 2019. We use a randomized conjoint analysis to show that the ideal relocation policy should compensate mainly via agricultural land, followed by other standard economic terms such as residential land and loans for infrastructure. Moreover, the study suggests that compensation packages should be designed based on the inclusion of project-affected families' voices and should account for social capital, livelihood restoration, homelessness prevention, and monetary compensation.