Dynamic alternation of primate response properties during trial-and-error knowledge updating
Dynamic alternation of primate response properties during trial-and-error knowledge updating
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试错知识更新过程中灵长类动物反应特性的动态变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.robot.2011.06.014
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Satoshi Nishida and Tadashi Ogawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Atsushi Fujimoto;Satoshi Nishida and Tadashi Ogawa
人类和动物通过试错（TE）行动和观察其结果来寻求新问题的适当解决方案。一旦个人获得了解决问题的知识（规则），基于知识的（KB）行动可能会以刻板的方式应用。因此，解决方案可以基于TE或KB操作。为了在行为水平上描述这种学习过程，我们为实验室猴子（Macaca fuscata）开发了一种新的认知任务。在这个任务中，一个搜索数组由六个不同颜色的元素组成，其中之一是行为相关的目标。目标颜色在没有指令或信号的情况下不可预测地改变，需要猴子使用TE搜索策略来找到目标颜色。我们发现，一旦猴子在颜色变化后偶然识别出相关颜色，正确的表现会以阶梯状的方式增加，同时，其他反应特性（反应时间和颜色选择倾向）也会不连续地变化。这些阶梯式的行为表现可能是由于被试在两个阶段中在TE和KB搜索策略之间的转换。本研究为知识更新过程中搜索策略转换的时机和方式提供了行为学证据。
Humans and animals seek appropriate solutions to novel problems through trial-and-error (TE) actions and observation of their outcomes. Once an individual has obtained the knowledge (rule) to solve a problem, knowledge-based (KB) actions may be applied in a stereotypical manner. Solutions can thus be based on TE or KB actions. To characterize this learning process at the behavioral level, we developed a new cognitive task for a laboratory monkey (Macaca fuscata) to perform. In this task, a search array consisting of six elements of different colors was presented, one of which was the behaviorally relevant target. The target color was changed unpredictably with no instruction or signal, requiring the monkey to use a TE search strategy to find the target color. We found that once the monkey identified the relevant color by chance after a color change, correct performance increased in a step-like manner and at the same time, other response properties (reaction time and color-choice tendency) also changed discontinuously. These step-like alternations in behavioral performance may be attributed to the subject’s switching between TE and KB search strategies in the two phases. The present study has therefore provided behavioral evidence for the timing and manner of switching between search strategies during the process of updating knowledge.