Upslope Range Shifts of Andean Dung Beetles in Response to Deforestation: Compounding and Confounding Effects of Microclimatic Change
Upslope Range Shifts of Andean Dung Beetles in Response to Deforestation: Compounding and Confounding Effects of Microclimatic Change
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安第斯粪甲虫响应森林砍伐的上坡范围变化：小气候变化的复合和混杂效应
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
T. Larsen
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作者：
T. Larsen
与全球气候变化相关的温暖、有时甚至干燥的条件正在驱使许多物种向极地和/或上坡迁移。我假设与森林砍伐相关的小气候变化会导致退化景观中持续存在的森林物种发生类似的变化。这似乎是第一个检验这一新假设的研究。我沿着秘鲁东南部安第斯山脉 290 米至 3450 米的平行海拔梯度，研究了粪甲虫群落的海拔分布。森林砍伐地区始终比森林地区温暖和干燥。为了保持与森林相同的环境温度，森林砍伐景观中的物种需要平均上坡 489±59 米。在森林砍伐的景观中，粪甲虫物种的平均上坡范围变化为 132±64 m（最大 = 743 m）。八个物种出现在退化景观中更上坡的地方，而没有一个物种向下坡移动。除了范围上限扩大之外，向上移动的六个物种在其范围下限也表现出范围收缩或种群数量下降。高海拔和耐干扰物种没有表现出范围变化。这些发现表明，土地利用变化可能会混淆并加剧全球气候变化对生物多样性的影响。栖息地退化和气候变化之间的协同作用可能使之前对本世纪范围变化的预测增加一倍以上，导致生物多样性发生意外的快速变化，特别是对于热带昆虫等敏感生物体。另一方面，栖息地退化引起的范围变化可能会被错误地归因于全球气候变化。
Warmer, and sometimes drier, conditions associated with global climate change are driving many species to shift poleward and/or upslope. I hypothesized that microclimatic changes related to deforestation cause similar shifts for forest species persisting within degraded landscapes. This appears to be the first study to examine this novel hypothesis. I examined elevational distributions of dung beetle communities along parallel intact and disturbed elevational gradients from 290 to 3450 m asl in the Andes of southeastern Peru. Deforested sites were consistently warmer and drier than forested sites. To maintain the same ambient temperature as in forest, species in a deforested landscape would need to shift on average 489±59 m upslope. Dung beetle species showed a mean upslope range shift of 132±64 m (maximum=743 m) in the deforested landscape. Eight species occurred farther upslope in the degraded landscape, while none shifted downslope. In addition to upper range limit expansions, six species shifting upslope also showed range contractions or population declines at their lower range boundary. High elevation and disturbance‐tolerant species did not show range shifts. These findings suggest that land‐use change may both confound and compound the influence of global climate change on biodiversity. Synergies between habitat degradation and climate change could more than double previous range shift projections for this century, leading to unexpectedly rapid changes in biodiversity, especially for sensitive organisms such as tropical insects. On the other hand, range shifts caused by habitat degradation may be mistakenly attributed to global climate change.