Trading-off and trading-up in the world of bacteria-phage evolution.

Trading-off and trading-up in the world of bacteria-phage evolution.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.036
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发表时间:
2020-10-05
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Turner, Paul E.
Turner, Paul E.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burmeister, Alita R.;Turner, Paul E.

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1979 年,理查德·劳 (Richard Law) 提出了“达尔文恶魔”的概念:一种同时最大化所有适应性特征的有机体。这样的生物体将主宰一个生态系统,取代任何竞争对手,并使生物多样性崩溃,只剩下一个物种。对微生物世界中细菌的巨大物种多样性的调查表明,达尔文恶魔在地球上并不存在,而流行的观点是,适应性权衡通常会限制这种可能的进化。然而,不断进化的细菌群体所面临的权衡可能会以尚未完全理解的方式阻碍它们的适应。在某些情况下,细菌表现出进化的交换,从而选择导致多个健康成分同时改善。了解这些权衡和交换,以及它们在塑造微生物适应性方面的普遍性和作用,是阐明细菌领域令人难以置信的多样性是如何形成的、维持这种多样性的因素以及是否可以利用这种多样性来改善人类健康和保护环境的技术的关键。
In 1979, Richard Law introduced the conceptual idea of the ‘Darwinian Demon’: an organism that simultaneously maximizes all fitness traits. Such an organism would dominate an ecosystem, displacing any competitors and collapsing biodiversity to only a singular species. Surveying the tremendous species diversity of bacteria in the microbial world reveals that Darwinian Demons do not exist on Earth, and the popular notion is that fitness trade-offs generally constrain such possible evolution. However, the trade-offs faced by evolving bacterial populations presumably hinder their adaptation in ways that are not fully understood. In some cases, bacteria show evolved trade-ups, whereby selection causes multiple fitness components to improve simultaneously. Understanding these trade-offs and trade-ups, as well as their prevalence and roles in shaping microbial fitness, is key to elucidating how the incredible diversity of the Bacteria domain came to be, what maintains that diversity, and whether such diversity can be leveraged for technologies that improve human health and protect environments.
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