The Role of the Thalamus in ADHD Symptomatology and Treatment
The Role of the Thalamus in ADHD Symptomatology and Treatment
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DOI：
10.1080/21622965.2015.1005475
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发表时间：
2015-04-03
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Joyce, Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bailey, Teresa;Joyce, Arthur
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种慢性疾病，其症状是注意力不集中和冲动，随着年龄的增长部分减轻。一项对患有多动症的儿童和青少年的纵向研究表明，大多数人在成年后仍会有持续的认知和功能障碍。有证据表明，丘脑产生清醒状态脑电图（EEG）节律，并与皮层和皮层下区域建立广泛的丘脑神经回路连接，因此，丘脑可能在ADHD症状学中发挥着重要作用。研究表明，在ADHD人群中，丘脑枕核有一种特殊的异常。根据确凿的证据，动物和人类都可以学会自我调节脑电图振荡，丘脑也可以在多动症的治疗中发挥作用。考虑到ADHD中常见的觉醒不足和睡眠障碍，以及数据表明增加ADHD药物剂量可能以降低认知功能为代价改善行为控制，通过脑电图训练进一步研究自我调节的作用是有必要的。
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic disorder with symptoms of inattention and impulsivity that partially remit with age. A review of longitudinal studies of children and adolescents with ADHD showed that the majority will have continued cognitive and functional impairments into adulthood. The thalamus likely plays a prominent role in ADHD symptomatology, based on evidence that the thalamus generates waking-state electroencephalography (EEG) rhythms along with extensive thalamic neural circuitry connections with cortical and subcortical areas. Research demonstrates a specific abnormality in the thalamic pulvinar nucleus in ADHD populations. The thalamus can also play a role in ADHD treatment, based on solid evidence that both animals and humans can learn to self-regulate EEG oscillations. Given the underarousal and sleep disturbance commonly seen in ADHD, along with data that indicate an increased dosage of ADHD medication may improve behavioral control at a cost of lowered cognitive functioning, further investigation of the role for self-regulation through EEG training is warranted.