Crowd-funded micro-grants for genomics and "big data": an actionable idea connecting small (artisan) science, infrastructure science, and citizen philanthropy.
Crowd-funded micro-grants for genomics and "big data": an actionable idea connecting small (artisan) science, infrastructure science, and citizen philanthropy.
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DOI：
10.1089/omi.2013.0034
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发表时间：
2013-04
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通讯作者：
V. Özdemir;K. Badr;E. Dove;L. Endrenyi;C. J. Geraci;P. Hotez;Djims Milius;M. Neves-Pereira;T. Pang;C. Rotimi;R. Sabra;Christineh N. Sarkissian;Sanjeeva Srivastava;H. Tims;N. Zgheib;I. Kickbusch
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作者：
V. Özdemir;K. Badr;E. Dove;L. Endrenyi;C. J. Geraci;P. Hotez;Djims Milius;M. Neves-Pereira;T. Pang;C. Rotimi;R. Sabra;Christineh N. Sarkissian;Sanjeeva Srivastava;H. Tims;N. Zgheib;I. Kickbusch
21（st）世纪的生物医学科学嵌入并借鉴了由基因组学等高通量组学技术创建的数字共享和“大数据”。科学和科学家的经典爱迪生隐喻（即，“孤独的天才”或其他狭义的专门知识定义）没有能力利用21（st）世纪数字共享的巨大前景。此外，在医学和生命科学领域，专家往往低估了公民学者的重要贡献，并引导创新成果的使用者设计创新产品和共同创造新知识。我们相信有大量的用户等待被动员起来，以便作为公民科学家参与大数据-只有在一些资金可用的情况下。然而，这些学者中的许多人可能不符合用于判断专业知识的元标准，例如获得大笔研究赠款的记录或传统的学术简历。这篇创新研究文章描述了一个新颖的想法和行动框架：用于基因组学和大数据的小额赠款，每个价值1000美元。虽然乍一看这是一个相对较小的数额，但远远超过了“最底层的10亿人”----生活在世界银行界定的极端贫困线以下的14亿人（每天1.25美元）----的年收入。我们描述了两种类型的小额赠款。第一类小额赠款可以通过建立小额赠款计划的资助机构和慈善机构授予，以资助广泛而高度多样化的小型工匠实验室和公民学者，将基因组学和大数据与新的发现模式（如开放式用户创新）联系起来。第2类小额赠款可由现有或新的科学观察站和公民智库通过本文所述的众筹机制提供资金。第二类小额赠款还将促进全球卫生外交，在面临政治和金融不稳定的地区的民族国家之间共同创建大众资助的小额赠款计划，同时分享类似的疾病负担，治疗和诊断需求。我们报告了为公民科学和工匠实验室创建的10个2型小额赠款，由非营利组织国际数据生命科学联盟（DELSA Global，西雅图）管理。我们希望，这些小额赠款将刺激新形式的破坏性创新和基因组学翻译的工匠科学家和公民学者一样。最后，我们从全球卫生前线，伊拉克美国大学苏莱曼尼被忽视的声音，并建议，许多类似的全球地区现在准备小额赠款启用集体创新，利用21（st）世纪的数字共享。
Biomedical science in the 21(st) century is embedded in, and draws from, a digital commons and "Big Data" created by high-throughput Omics technologies such as genomics. Classic Edisonian metaphors of science and scientists (i.e., "the lone genius" or other narrow definitions of expertise) are ill equipped to harness the vast promises of the 21(st) century digital commons. Moreover, in medicine and life sciences, experts often under-appreciate the important contributions made by citizen scholars and lead users of innovations to design innovative products and co-create new knowledge. We believe there are a large number of users waiting to be mobilized so as to engage with Big Data as citizen scientists-only if some funding were available. Yet many of these scholars may not meet the meta-criteria used to judge expertise, such as a track record in obtaining large research grants or a traditional academic curriculum vitae. This innovation research article describes a novel idea and action framework: micro-grants, each worth $1000, for genomics and Big Data. Though a relatively small amount at first glance, this far exceeds the annual income of the "bottom one billion"-the 1.4 billion people living below the extreme poverty level defined by the World Bank ($1.25/day). We describe two types of micro-grants. Type 1 micro-grants can be awarded through established funding agencies and philanthropies that create micro-granting programs to fund a broad and highly diverse array of small artisan labs and citizen scholars to connect genomics and Big Data with new models of discovery such as open user innovation. Type 2 micro-grants can be funded by existing or new science observatories and citizen think tanks through crowd-funding mechanisms described herein. Type 2 micro-grants would also facilitate global health diplomacy by co-creating crowd-funded micro-granting programs across nation-states in regions facing political and financial instability, while sharing similar disease burdens, therapeutics, and diagnostic needs. We report the creation of ten Type 2 micro-grants for citizen science and artisan labs to be administered by the nonprofit Data-Enabled Life Sciences Alliance International (DELSA Global, Seattle). Our hope is that these micro-grants will spur novel forms of disruptive innovation and genomics translation by artisan scientists and citizen scholars alike. We conclude with a neglected voice from the global health frontlines, the American University of Iraq in Sulaimani, and suggest that many similar global regions are now poised for micro-grant enabled collective innovation to harness the 21(st) century digital commons.