Choosing the Joneses: Endogenous goals and reference standards
Choosing the Joneses: Endogenous goals and reference standards
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0347-0520.2004.00370.x
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Knell, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Falk, A;Knell, M
越来越多的经济学文献强调相对比较的重要性，例如储蓄、消费或幸福。在这些文献中，通常假设人们比较自己的参考标准是外生给定的。相反，社会心理学的研究结果表明，人们在决定他们的参考标准方面起着积极的作用。我们引入了一个社会比较模型，在这个模型中，人们选择他们的参考标准来服务于自我完善和自我提升的动机。该模型预测，参照标准提高了个人的能力，因此人们倾向于将自己与相似的人进行比较。问卷调查的结果证实了模型的预测。
A growing economic literature stresses the importance of relative comparisons, e.g., for savings and consumption or happiness. In this literature it is usually assumed that reference standards against which people compare themselves are exogenously given. In contrast, findings from social psychology suggest that people play an active role in determining their reference standards. We introduce a social comparison model where people choose their reference standards to serve motives of self-improvement and self-enhancement. The model predicts that reference standards increase in individuals' abilities and that people thus tend to compare themselves to similar others. The results of a questionnaire study confirm the prediction of the model.