Is flapping flight aerodynamically efficient
Is flapping flight aerodynamically efficient
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DOI：
10.2514/6.2014-2277
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Nabawy;W. Crowther
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Nabawy;W. Crowther
对于某些昆虫来说，拍动翅膀飞行的效率比以前想象的要低得多。扑动翅膀的感应功率因数根据悬停和前飞的许多非理想效应进行讨论。这些影响包括由于不均匀下洗、尾流周期性和有效盘面积造成的损失。对于某些昆虫来说，在悬停时感应功率可以是理想值的两倍，在向前飞行时甚至可以更高。对八种盘旋昆虫的品质因数进行了评估，给出的值在 15% 到 28% 之间。这些低效率水平归因于高迎角操作产生的压力阻力。还讨论了长宽比和行程平面角度对效率的影响。扑翼飞行的效率与其他非扑翼飞行模式（包括旋翼和固定翼）的效率进行了比较。就类似类型的损失而言，扑动飞行通常优于其他飞行模式，而且它还有其他效率较低的方式。
Flapping flight is much less efficient for some insects than previously thought. The induced power factor for flapping wings is discussed in terms of a number of non-ideal effects for hovering and for forward flight. These effects include losses due to non-uniform downwash, wake periodicity and effective disk area. For some insects, the induced power can be twice the ideal value in hover, and can be even higher than this in forward flight. The figure of merit is evaluated for eight hovering insects giving values between 15% and 28%. These low efficiency levels are attributed to the contribution of pressure drag resulting from operation at high angles of attack. The effects of aspect ratio and stroke plane angle on efficiency are also discussed. Efficiency of flapping flight is compared with efficiency of other non-flapping flight modes including rotary and fixed wing. Flapping flight usually goes beyond other flight modes with respect to comparable types of loss, and it has further ways of being less efficient.