From scale-dependent feedbacks to long-range competition alone: a short review on pattern-forming mechanisms in arid ecosystems
From scale-dependent feedbacks to long-range competition alone: a short review on pattern-forming mechanisms in arid ecosystems
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从规模依赖反馈到单独的长期竞争：干旱生态系统模式形成机制的简短回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. López
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Martínez;C. López
在干旱和半干旱生态系统中，植被模式丰富，但它们是如何形成的尚不清楚。其中最广泛的理论之一是在植物与植物和植物与水的相互作用中存在尺度依赖反馈（SDF）。短距离以促进性相互作用为主，而大尺度则以竞争性相互作用为主。这些反馈塑造了水在空间上的不均匀分布，最终推动了植被模式的出现。尽管促进和竞争相互作用的存在是明确的，但它们往往很难在实地分开，因此它们在植被格局形成中的相关性仍然是有争议的。在这里，我们回顾了已经提出的解释干旱生态系统模式形成的生物学过程，以及它们如何在数学模型中实现。最后，我们讨论了在不同的生物和物理系统中相似结构的存在。
Vegetation patterns are abundant in arid and semiarid ecosystems, but how they form remains unclear. One of the most extended theories lies in the existence of scale-dependent feedbacks (SDF) in plant-to-plant and plant-water interactions. Short distances are dominated by facilitative interactions, whereas competitive interactions dominate at larger scales. These feedbacks shape spatially inhomogeneous distributions of water that ultimately drive the emergence of patterns of vegetation. Even though the presence of facilitative and competitive interactions is clear, they are often hard to disentangle in the field, and therefore their relevance in vegetation pattern formation is still disputable. Here, we review the biological processes that have been proposed to explain pattern formation in arid ecosystems and how they have been implemented in mathematical models. We conclude by discussing the existence of similar structures in different biological and physical systems.