Hydrogen bubbles in metals
Hydrogen bubbles in metals
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-3115(93)90244-s
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发表时间：
1993-12
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
J. Condon;T. Schober
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Condon;T. Schober
首先简要介绍了金属中的氢气泡及其技术意义。审查集中在这些领域的气泡形成的独特的化学性质的氢是很重要的。成核和随后的空腔生长机制之间的区别。均质和异质成核的可能性。三个空腔生长机制被描绘：表面附近的塑性变形被称为“起泡”，环冲压塑性变形，和收集的空位-氢络合物。考虑了几个因素，可以确定适用的特定机制，如氢的来源及其浓度，溶解度和扩散率以及金属中缺陷的浓度。对气泡形成的抢先反应是导致金属氢化物形成的反应。在预测气泡的形成和实验观察时都必须考虑这种反应。自由表面附近塑性变形的可能性会导致起泡，这一点必须加以考虑。目前的理解环冲压过程，并应用于氢气泡的形成。空位聚集还可导致空隙形成，其可接着吸收进一步的氢-空位复合物。详细讨论了所选金属和合金中充氢空腔的说明性实例。
First a brief introduction to hydrogen bubbles in metals and their technological importance is presented. The review concentrates on those areas of bubble formation where the distinct chemical character of hydrogen is important. A distinction is made between nucleation and subsequent cavity growth mechanisms. Both homogeneous and heterogenous nucleation are given as possibilities. Three cavity growth mechanisms are delineated: plastic deformation near a surface referred to as “blistering”, plastic deformation by loop punching, and the collection of vacancy-hydrogen complexes. Several factors are considered which can determine the particular mechanism which applies, such as the source of the hydrogen and its concentration, solubility and diffusivity and the concentration of defects in the metal. A preemptive reaction to bubble formation is the one leading to metal hydride formation. This reaction must be considered both for predicting the formation of bubbles and for experimental observations. The possibility of plastic deformation near a free surface can lead to blistering, and this must be considered. The current understanding of loop punching processes is presented and applied to hydrogen bubble formation. Vacancy clustering may also lead to void formation which may then absorb further hydrogen-vacancy complexes. Illustrative examples of hydrogen filled cavities in selected metals and alloys are discussed in detail.