Role of a naturally varying flow regime in Everglades restoration
Role of a naturally varying flow regime in Everglades restoration
复制标题
自然变化的流态在大沼泽地恢复中的作用
DOI：
10.1111/rec.12558
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
M. Ross
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Harvey;P. Wetzel;Thomas E. Lodge;V. Engel;M. Ross
大沼泽地是一个低梯度洪泛平原，主要位于有机土壤上，经历季节性脉动的面流，通过由稍高海拔的山脊分隔的深水泥沼网络。季节性脉动流允许山脊和斯劳植被共存，包括持续的生产力，连接良好的斯劳，季节性集中猎物和支持涉水鸟筑巢成功。在这里，我们审查的因素有助于原产地和退化的山脊和斯劳生态系统，试图回答“需要多少流量才能恢复功能”？一个关键的恢复目标是在过去的世纪增加面流损失，以重建流量，水深，植被生产和分解之间的相互作用，以及建立和维持山脊和斯劳区别的絮状有机沉积物的运输。我们的审查发现广泛的共识，扰动的水位深度和波动的景观功能退化的主要，扰动的水质，流速和方向的关键贡献。而水位预计将得到改善，平均在一系列的恢复方案，取代79%和91%的排水前流量，减少微地形大大降低了及时改善的可能性，在某些地区，而其他保留微地形差异的恢复效益。在预测恢复结果的新进展来自生物物理建模的山脊斯劳动态，景观功能的系统范围内的测量，和大规模的流量恢复实验，包括积极的管理技术，以启动斯劳再生。
The Everglades is a low‐gradient floodplain predominantly on organic soil that undergoes seasonally pulsing sheetflow through a network of deepwater sloughs separated by slightly higher elevation ridges. The seasonally pulsing flow permitted the coexistence of ridge and slough vegetation, including the persistence of productive, well‐connected sloughs that seasonally concentrated prey and supported wading bird nesting success. Here we review factors contributing to the origin and to degradation of the ridge and slough ecosystem in an attempt to answer “How much flow is needed to restore functionality”? A key restoration objective is to increase sheetflow lost during the past century to reestablish interactions between flow, water depth, vegetation production and decomposition, and transport of flocculent organic sediment that build and maintain ridge and slough distinctions. Our review finds broad agreement that perturbations of water level depth and its fluctuations were primary in the degradation of landscape functions, with critical contributions from perturbed water quality, and flow velocity and direction. Whereas water levels are expected to be improved on average across a range of restoration scenarios that replace between 79 and 91% of predrainage flows, the diminished microtopography substantially decreases the probability of timely improvements in some areas whereas others that retain microtopographic differences are poised for restoration benefits. New advances in predicting restoration outcomes are coming from biophysical modeling of ridge–slough dynamics, system‐wide measurements of landscape functionality, and large‐scale flow restoration experiments, including active management techniques to kick‐start slough regeneration.