Energy Consumption in Urban Water Cycle
Energy Consumption in Urban Water Cycle
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.022
复制
发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Wakeel;Bin Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Wakeel;Bin Chen
水-能关系是城市规划和管理的重要内容，也是评价城市生态系统可持续性的重要指标。能源是城市水循环的驱动因素，并在水循环的每个阶段消耗，即提取，储存，分配和最终使用消耗，这取决于多种因素，如水丰度，能源可用性和地理条件，仅举几例。目前的研究是为了调查在每个阶段的水循环的拉合尔，巴基斯坦城市的能源消耗。结果表明，地下水开采过程中消耗的电能为0.62 kWh/m3，比地表水的0.058 kWh/m3高10%。拉合尔有7700公里长的城市供水管网，每公里消耗的能源在5.7 kWh/m3的范围内。同样，城市的终端使用能源消耗也很密集，即5.71 kWh/m3，高于发达国家和能源丰富国家的大多数城市。因此，我们建议应安装太阳能热水器等可再生能源，以减少家庭层面的能源消耗。同样地，我们观察到该城市并无任何大规模的废水回收及再用政策及管理;因此，废水应回收以避免在提取阶段的能源消耗。
Water-energy relationship is an important element for urban planning and management, and has therefore grabbed worldwide attention in assessing urban ecosystem's sustainability. Energy is a driving agent for urban water cycle and is consumed at each stage of the water cycle i.e. extraction, storage, distribution and end-use consumption, which depends upon multiple factors such as water abundance, energy availability and geographic conditions to name few. The current research was designed to investigate energy consumption at each stage in the water cycle of Lahore city, Pakistan. The result shows that 0.62 kWh/m3of electrical energy is consumed during extraction of groundwater which is 10% higher compare to 0.058 kWh/m3for surface water. Lahore has 7700 kilometre long urban water distribution network consumed energy in the range of 5.7 kWh/m3per kilometre similarly, the end-use energy consumption in the city is intensive i.e. 5.71 kWh/m3which is higher than most of the cities in the developed and energy rich countries. Therefore, we recommend that renewable energy options such as solar water heaters should be installed to reduce energy consumption at domestic level. Similarly, we observed that the city does not have any large scale waste water recycle and reuse policy and management; therefore, waste water should be recycled to avoid energy consumption during extraction stage.