Situating the geographies of injustice in democratic theory
Situating the geographies of injustice in democratic theory
复制标题
在民主理论中定位不公正的地理分布
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.03.002
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
C. Barnett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Barnett
后马克思主义和后结构主义的政治本体论一直是批判人文地理学及相关领域近期民主讨论的重要参考点。本文考虑了争论在经常被这些方法诋毁的一系列民主理论中的概念定位，即后哈贝马斯批判理论所启发的协商民主理论。有人认为，这种对争论的关注源于对不同行动理性之间关系的关注。有人提出，这种思想传统提供了一种独特的现象学方法来理解民主能量产生的情况。在阐述对政治空间出现的现象学理解时，本文分三个阶段进行。首先，有人认为，“政治”的本体论概念化与规范空间理论的本体论范畴之间的强烈亲和力排除了对普通政治行动的多元理性的任何认真考虑。其次，协商民主理论家和竞争民主理论家之间的争论脱离了本体论问题。相反，这些问题集中在对“规范性”的有争议的理解上。这一举措为分析不公正现象开辟了概念空间。第三，以跨国民主辩论为例，其中协商民主的批判理论家明确讨论了“政治”空间的重新配置，认为这种批判理论传统可以有助于形成一种独特的政治空间“拓扑”感，这种感觉源于对政治行动的思考，认为政治行动是从世俗的不公正情境中产生的。通过将这种现象学方法纳入政治行动的焦点，本文为地理学家和政治理论家提供了教训。地理学家最好承认塑造政治行动的普通动态和失望，而不是继续诉诸适当政治或真正民主的先验模型。另一方面，政治理论家最好承认“方法论全球主义”的局限性，这种局限性是最近有关民主重新调整规模的研究的特点。
Post-Marxist and poststructuralist ontologies of the political have been important reference points for recent discussions of democracy in critical human geography and related fields. This paper considers the conceptual placement of contestation in a strand of democratic theory often denigrated by these approaches, namely theories of deliberative democracy informed by post-Habermasian Critical Theory. It is argued that this concern with contestation derives from a focus on the relationships between different rationalities of action. It is proposed that this tradition of thought informs a distinctively phenomenological approach to understanding the situations out of which democratic energies emerge. In elaborating on this phenomenological understanding of the emergence of political space, the paper proceeds in three stages. First, it is argued that the strong affinities between ontological conceptualisations of ‘the political’ and the ontological register of canonical spatial theory squeezes out any serious consideration of the plural rationalities of ordinary political action. Second, debates between deliberative and agonistic theorists of democracy are relocated away from questions of ontology. These are centred instead on disputed understandings of ‘normativity’. This move opens up conceptual space for the analysis of phenomenologies of injustice. Third, using the example of debates about transnational democracy in which critical theorists of deliberative democracy explicitly address the reconfigurations of the space of ‘the political’, it is argued that this Critical Theory tradition can contribute to a distinctively ‘topological’ sense of political space which follows from thinking of political action as emerging from worldly situations of injustice. In bringing into focus this phenomenological approach to political action, the paper has lessons for both geographers and political theorists. Rather than continuing to resort to a priori models of what is properly political or authentically democratic, geographers would do well to acknowledge the ordinary dynamics and disappointments which shape political action. On the other hand, political theorists might do well to acknowledge the limits of the ‘methodological globalism’ that characterises so much recent work on the re-scaling of democracy.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-923x.2010.02120.x
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
The Political Quarterly
影响因子：
--
作者：
FLINDERS M
通讯作者：
FLINDERS M