Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes
Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15273
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发表时间：
2020-09-09
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Torres-Moye, Guillermo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beas-Luna, Rodrigo;Micheli, Fiorenza;Torres-Moye, Guillermo
不断变化的全球气候正在对世界各地的沿海海洋生态系统产生深远影响。然而，结构，功能和恢复力在地理上可能会有所不同，这取决于物种组成，当地海洋强迫以及人类活动和使用的其他压力。了解生态对环境变化的反应，预测整个生态系统的结构和功能的变化，需要大规模的，长期的研究，但大多数研究贸易的时间跨度的空间范围。我们通过整合多个长期的海带森林监测数据集来解决这一不足，以评估沿北美西海岸沿着关键功能群（FG）的地理模式和变化率。从美国阿拉斯加到下加利福尼亚，墨西哥的469个地点和373个物种（分配到18个FG）的数据分析揭示了对长期（2006-2016）变化和近期海洋热浪（2014-2016）的响应的区域变化，这些变化与两种大气和海洋学异常有关，即“Blob”和极端厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）。形成冠层的海带似乎对整个范围内的变暖最敏感。其他FGs在营养水平，生态区之间的反应，并在其对热浪的敏感性。社区结构的变化是最明显的南部和北方加州生态区，而在该范围的中心社区更有弹性。我们报告了一个极移丰富的一些关键的FG。这些结果揭示了在生产性沿海海洋生态系统中，由于大规模的气候变化，以及基础物种的潜在损失，正在发生的重大区域性变化。特别是，我们的研究结果表明，依赖海带森林的沿海社区将在加州当前地区的南部受到更大的影响，突出了实施适应性战略以维持生计和确保粮食安全的紧迫性。研究结果还强调了监测方案的多区域一体化和协调对于提高我们对海洋生态系统的理解的价值，其目标是为未来的政策和资源管理提供信息。
The changing global climate is having profound effects on coastal marine ecosystems around the world. Structure, functioning, and resilience, however, can vary geographically, depending on species composition, local oceanographic forcing, and other pressures from human activities and use. Understanding ecological responses to environmental change and predicting changes in the structure and functioning of whole ecosystems require large-scale, long-term studies, yet most studies trade spatial extent for temporal duration. We address this shortfall by integrating multiple long-term kelp forest monitoring datasets to evaluate biogeographic patterns and rates of change of key functional groups (FG) along the west coast of North America. Analysis of data from 469 sites spanning Alaska, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and 373 species (assigned to 18 FG) reveals regional variation in responses to both long-term (2006-2016) change and a recent marine heatwave (2014-2016) associated with two atmospheric and oceanographic anomalies, the "Blob" and extreme El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Canopy-forming kelps appeared most sensitive to warming throughout their range. Other FGs varied in their responses among trophic levels, ecoregions, and in their sensitivity to heatwaves. Changes in community structure were most evident within the southern and northern California ecoregions, while communities in the center of the range were more resilient. We report a poleward shift in abundance of some key FGs. These results reveal major, ongoing region-wide changes in productive coastal marine ecosystems in response to large-scale climate variability, and the potential loss of foundation species. In particular, our results suggest that coastal communities that are dependent on kelp forests will be more impacted in the southern portion of the California Current region, highlighting the urgency of implementing adaptive strategies to sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. The results also highlight the value of multiregional integration and coordination of monitoring programs for improving our understanding of marine ecosystems, with the goal of informing policy and resource management in the future.