Reconstructing feminist perspectives of women’s bodies using a globalized view: The changing surrogacy market in Japan
Reconstructing feminist perspectives of women’s bodies using a globalized view: The changing surrogacy market in Japan
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用全球化的视角重建女权主义对女性身体的看法：日本代孕市场的变化
DOI：
10.1111/bioe.12758
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Yoshie Yanagihara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
髙橋 裕子;河野 銀子;髙橋 裕子;髙橋裕子;髙橋裕子;Yuko Takahashi;髙橋裕子;髙橋裕子;髙橋裕子;中西三紀;中西三紀;中西三紀;Yoshie Yanagihara
本文旨在通过介绍东亚代孕的历史和现状，唤起人们对代孕的另一种观点，超越西方流行的女权主义观念。为了阐述代孕的不同文化视角，本文首先介绍了在美国发明“现代”代孕实践之前，东亚合同妊娠制度的历史。然后，它检查了日本大众媒体对跨境代孕的描述，其中白人女性已经成为“方便”的实体。分析结果表明，在全球商业代孕市场上，日本文化如何采用了一种修辞，即使用白人女性作为方便的代孕母亲。代孕的一个重要方面是前提是女性的生殖功能应该是其他人可以获得的。女权主义者过去的讨论忽略了这一点。此外，他们还认为白人代孕客户是剥削者，他们利用有色人种女性作为代孕母亲。亚洲目前的情况与此相反——白人女性被有色人种富人视为更容易剥削的目标。对于亚洲客户来说，西方人很容易被视为“其他人”，他们可以利用西方人来满足自己的生殖需求。在全球化的今天，代孕行业不再是富裕的西方人的专利。考虑到这一变化，以全球化的视角重建女权主义观点来讨论代孕问题是至关重要的，以帮助保护女性的身体，无论国籍、种族、肤色或宗教。
This paper aims to evoke an alternative viewpoint on surrogacy, moving beyond popular Western feminist beliefs on the practice, by introducing the history and current context of East Asian surrogacy. To elaborate a different cultural perspective on surrogacy, this paper first introduces the East Asian history of contract pregnancy systems, prior to the emergence of the American invention of ‘modern’ surrogacy practice. Then, it examines Japanese mass media portrayals of cross‐border surrogacy in which white women have become ‘convenient’ entities. The results of the analysis show how Japanese culture has adopted a rhetoric about the use of white women as convenient surrogate mothers in the global commercial surrogacy market. An essential aspect of surrogacy is the premise that a woman’s reproductive function should be accessible to others. Past discussions among feminists have neglected this important point. Moreover, they share the assumption that white surrogacy clients are exploiters, who take advantage of women of colour as surrogate mothers. The current situation in Asia flips this perspective—with white women regarded as easier targets for exploitation by wealthy people of colour. For Asian clients, Westerners can be easily regarded as ‘others’ whom they can use for their reproductive needs. In today's globalized era, the surrogacy industry is no longer for affluent Westerners only. Considering this change, it is crucial to discuss surrogacy issues by reconstructing feminist perspectives with a globalized view, to help protect women’s bodies, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, skin colour, or religion.