Mammalian Actins: Isoform-Specific Functions and Diseases
Mammalian Actins: Isoform-Specific Functions and Diseases
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DOI：
10.1007/164_2016_43
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Van Troys, Marleen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ampe, Christophe;Van Troys, Marleen
肌动蛋白是肌动蛋白细胞骨架的中心构件，肌动蛋白细胞骨架是一种高度调节的丝状网络，能够实现细胞的动态过程并同时提供结构。哺乳动物有六种非常保守的肌动蛋白亚型，因此具有共同的功能。组织特异性表达的一部分是他们的差异化作用的基础，但肌动蛋白亚型也共存于各种细胞类型和组织，这表明特定的功能和优先的相互作用伙伴。基因缺失模型、基于抗体的染色模式、基因沉默效应以及某些疾病中同种型特异性突变的发生为亚细胞水平上的特异性及其在生物体水平上的后果提供了线索。然而，差异肌动蛋白亚型的功能仍然远远没有详细了解。纯形式的不同亚型的生物化学研究刚刚出现，在细胞中的研究必须处理一个复杂的和受调控的系统，包括补偿肌动蛋白亚型的表达。
Actin is the central building block of the actin cytoskeleton, a highly regulated filamentous network enabling dynamic processes of cells and simultaneously providing structure. Mammals have six actin isoforms that are very conserved and thus share common functions. Tissue-specific expression in part underlies their differential roles, but actin isoforms also coexist in various cell types and tissues, suggesting specific functions and preferential interaction partners. Gene deletion models, antibody-based staining patterns, gene silencing effects, and the occurrence of isoform-specific mutations in certain diseases have provided clues for specificity on the subcellular level and its consequences on the organism level. Yet, the differential actin isoform functions are still far from understood in detail. Biochemical studies on the different isoforms in pure form are just emerging, and investigations in cells have to deal with a complex and regulated system, including compensatory actin isoform expression.