"THE ATTILA THE HUN LAW": NEW YORK'S ROCKEFELLER DRUG LAWS AND THE MAKING OF A PUNITIVE STATE
"THE ATTILA THE HUN LAW": NEW YORK'S ROCKEFELLER DRUG LAWS AND THE MAKING OF A PUNITIVE STATE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1353/jsh.2010.0039
复制
发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Kohler-Hausmann, Julilly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohler-Hausmann, Julilly
1973年，为了应对海洛因使用量激增的恐慌，纽约州州长纳尔逊·洛克菲勒放弃了积极的治疗计划，并颁布了美国最严厉的毒品政策。他的“洛克菲勒毒品法”规定，出售任何毒品的人最高可被判处终身监禁。这些刑罚与谋杀罪的刑罚相当，为后来在全国范围内实施的“禁毒战争”政策树立了榜样。本文探讨了这项备受瞩目的立法所完成的思想和政治工作——对于政策制定者、对于呼吁“采取强硬”策略的公众以及对于法规所针对的吸毒者。这些法律是对自由待遇计划和专家专业知识的否定，并提供了一个论坛，将饱受诟病的福利国家改造成一个严厉的、男子气概的工具，以建立社会秩序。越来越多的惩罚性政策限制了吸毒者的权利，在言辞上将“吸毒者”和“毒贩”视为政体之外、与完整公民相对立的人。因此，洛克菲勒毒品法不仅对毒品犯罪者产生了毁灭性的影响，而且有助于对国家角色和责任进行深刻的重新谈判。
In 1973, New York's Governor Nelson Rockefeller responded to panic about soaring heroin use by renouncing his aggressive treatment programs and enacting the most punitive drug policy in the United States. His "Rockefeller Drug Laws" mandated sentences up to life in prison for selling any narcotics. These punishments, comparable to the penalties for murder, served as models for subsequent "War on Drugs" policies enacted across the nation.This article explores the ideological and political work accomplished by this high profile legislation-for policy makers, for members of the general public who clamored for "get tough" strategies, and for the drug users targeted by the statutes. The laws were a repudiation of liberal treatment programs and specialists' expertise, and provided a forum to remake the much-maligned welfare state into a stern, macho vehicle for establishing order in society. Increasingly punitive policies constricted the rights of drug users by rhetorically constructing "addicts" and "pushers" as outside of the polity and as the antithesis of full citizens. Therefore, the Rockefeller Drug Laws not only had devastating effects on drug offenders, but also were instrumental in the profound renegotiation of the state's role and responsibilities.