PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN OLDER US VETERANS: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND RESILIENCE IN VETERANS STUDY
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN OLDER US VETERANS: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND RESILIENCE IN VETERANS STUDY
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DOI：
10.1002/da.22083
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Cook, Joan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pietrzak, Robert H.;Cook, Joan M.
背景 尽管大量实证研究已经检验了老年退伍军人的负面心理结果，但人们对这一人群心理弹性的普遍程度和决定因素知之甚少。方法 作为国家退伍军人健康和复原力研究 (NHRVS) 的一部分，2,025 名 60 岁及以上美国退伍军人（平均值 = 71.0，标准差 = 7.1，范围 = 6096）组成的具有全国代表性的样本完成了一项基于网络的调查。对一生潜在创伤事件、当前创伤后应激障碍、重度抑郁和广泛性焦虑症状的测量进行聚类分析，用于对心理结果进行分类。结果 三组解决方案最适合数据： 对照组（一生创伤次数少，当前心理困扰低；60.4%）；有弹性（一生遭受创伤次数较多，当前心理困扰较低；27.5%）；和痛苦（大量的一生创伤，当前的心理困扰；12.1%）。在遭受过大量创伤的老年退伍军人中，69.5%属于复原力组。与苦恼组相比，弹性组更有可能拥有大学或更高水平的教育，并且已婚或与伴侣同居。他们在情绪稳定性、社会联系（即安全依恋风格、社会支持）、保护性心理社会特征（例如社区融合、生活目的）以及对军队对个人生活影响的积极看法等指标上也得分较高；身体健康困难和精神问题以及对经历的开放程度的衡量标准较低。结论 在一生中经历过大量创伤的美国老年退伍军人中，近 70% 的人在晚年心理上具有复原力。旨在加强社会联系、社区融合和生活目标的预防工作可能有助于提高在生活中遭受大量创伤的老年退伍军人的心理复原力。
Background Although a large body of empirical research has examined negative psychological outcomes in older veterans, relatively little is known about the prevalence and determinants of psychological resilience in this population. Methods A nationally representative sample of 2,025 U.S. veterans aged 60 and older (mean = 71.0, standard deviation = 7.1, range = 6096) completed a web-based survey as part of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Cluster analysis of measures of lifetime potentially traumatic events, and current PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms was used to classify psychological outcomes. Results A three-group solution best fit the data: Control (low number of lifetime traumas, low current psychological distress; 60.4%); Resilient (high number of lifetime traumas, low current psychological distress; 27.5%); and distressed (high number of lifetime traumas, high current psychological distress; 12.1%). Among older veterans with a high number of traumas, 69.5% were in the Resilient group. Compared to the Distressed group, the Resilient group was more likely to have college or higher level of education, and to be married or living with a partner. They also scored higher on measures of emotional stability, social connectedness (i.e., secure attachment style, social support), protective psychosocial characteristics (e.g., community integration, purpose in life), and positive perceptions of the military's effect on one's life; and lower on measures of physical health difficulties and psychiatric problems, and openness to experiences. Conclusions Among older U.S. veterans who have endured a high number of traumas in their lifetimes, nearly 70% are psychologically resilient in later life. Prevention efforts targeted toward bolstering social connectedness, community integration, and purpose in life may help promote psychological resilience in older veterans who endured a significant number of traumas in their lives.