Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: An emerging health risk behavior
Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: An emerging health risk behavior
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2004-2173
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Amitai, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knishkowy, B;Amitai, Y
吸食大麻，或水烟(WPS)，已经广泛应用了近400年。它在阿拉伯半岛、土耳其、印度、巴基斯坦和其他国家很常见。近年来，WPS出现了复兴，特别是在年轻人中。大多数美国卫生专业人员不熟悉WPS的实践和健康后果。因此，这一趋势对青少年保健提供者提出了新的挑战。WPS中使用的烟草成分多种多样，标准化程度不高。对吸食毒品的吸烟者和吸食毒品的烟雾剂进行检测的研究报告称，吸烟者体内含有高浓度的一氧化碳、尼古丁、焦油和重金属。这些浓度与吸烟者一样高，甚至更高。关于WPS的不良健康后果的少数科学数据指出了与吸烟相似的危险：恶性肿瘤、肺功能受损、低出生体重等。吸烟没有遇到的其他危险是共用烟斗引起的传染病，以及经常在烟草中添加酒精或精神活性药物。控制新出现的WPS流行的公共卫生战略包括开展流行病学和毒理学研究；执行限制获取和使用的法律；以及健康教育，特别是针对青少年的健康教育。
Narghile, or water- pipe smoking (WPS), has been practiced extensively for similar to 400 years. It is common in the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, India, Pakistan, and other countries. In recent years, there has been a revival of WPS, notably among youth. Most US health professionals are unfamiliar with the practice and health consequences of WPS. Therefore, this trend presents a new challenge for adolescent health care providers. The composition of the tobacco used in WPS is variable and not well standardized. Studies that have examined narghile smokers and the aerosol of narghile smoke have reported high concentrations of carbon monoxide, nicotine, "tar," and heavy metals. These concentrations were as high or higher than those among cigarette smokers. The few scientific data regarding the adverse health consequences of WPS point to dangers that are similar to those associated with cigarette smoking: malignancy, impaired pulmonary function, low birth weight, and others. Additional dangers not encountered with cigarette smoking are infectious diseases resulting from pipe sharing and the frequent addition of alcohol or psychoactive drugs to the tobacco. Public health strategies for controlling the emerging epidemic of WPS include carrying out epidemiologic and toxicologic research; implementation of laws to limit acquisition and use; and health education, targeting adolescents in particular.