Sex-dependent metabolic, neuroendocrine, and cognitive responses to dietary energy restriction and excess
Sex-dependent metabolic, neuroendocrine, and cognitive responses to dietary energy restriction and excess
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DOI：
10.1210/en.2007-0161
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Mattson, Mark P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Bronwen;Pearson, Michele;Mattson, Mark P.
雌性和雄性通常在物种的生存中扮演不同的角色，并对食物短缺或过剩做出不同的反应。为了阐明对能量摄入反应的性别差异的生理学基础，我们将雄性和雌性大鼠组维持6个月，这些大鼠组采用常规饮食、减少[ 20%和40%热量限制（CR）和间歇性禁食（IF）]或升高（高脂肪/高葡萄糖）能量水平，并测量与生殖、能量代谢和行为相关的多个生理变量。在40% CR的反应中，雌性变得消瘦，停止骑自行车，经历内分泌雄性化，表现出应激反应增强，自发活动增加，学习和记忆改善，并维持循环脑源性神经营养因子水平升高。相比之下，40% CR组雄性动物的体重保持高于40% CR组雌性动物，并且其活动水平的变化不像40% CR组雌性动物那样显著。此外，40% CR饲料组雄性动物的认知能力无显著变化。男性和女性表现出类似的反应循环脂质（胆固醇/甘油三酯）和能量调节激素（胰岛素，瘦素，脂联素，生长激素释放肽）的能量限制，与男性的变化量更大。高脂/高糖饮食对大多数测量变量没有显著影响，但对雌性生殖周期产生不利影响。提高认知和运动活动，结合生殖关闭，在女性可能会最大限度地提高其生存的可能性，在能源短缺的时期，可能是一个进化的基础上，妇女的脆弱性神经性厌食症。
Females and males typically play different roles in survival of the species and would be expected to respond differently to food scarcity or excess. To elucidate the physiological basis of sex differences in responses to energy intake, we maintained groups of male and female rats for 6 months on diets with usual, reduced [ 20% and 40% caloric restriction ( CR), and intermittent fasting ( IF)], or elevated ( high-fat/high-glucose) energy levels and measured multiple physiological variables related to reproduction, energy metabolism, and behavior. In response to 40% CR, females became emaciated, ceased cycling, underwent endocrine masculinization, exhibited a heightened stress response, increased their spontaneous activity, improved their learning and memory, and maintained elevated levels of circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In contrast, males on 40% CR maintained a higher body weight than the 40% CR females and did not change their activity levels as significantly as the 40% CR females. Additionally, there was no significant change in the cognitive ability of the males on the 40% CR diet. Males and females exhibited similar responses of circulating lipids ( cholesterols/triglycerides) and energy-regulating hormones ( insulin, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin) to energy restriction, with the changes being quantitatively greater in males. The high-fat/high-glucose diet had no significant effects on most variables measured but adversely affected the reproductive cycle in females. Heightened cognition and motor activity, combined with reproductive shutdown, in females may maximize the probability of their survival during periods of energy scarcity and may be an evolutionary basis for the vulnerability of women to anorexia nervosa.