THE NUTRITIONAL-STATUS OF PLANTS FROM HIGH-ALTITUDES - A WORLDWIDE COMPARISON
THE NUTRITIONAL-STATUS OF PLANTS FROM HIGH-ALTITUDES - A WORLDWIDE COMPARISON
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/bf00377088
复制
发表时间：
1989-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
KORNER, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KORNER, C
高海拔地区的植物缺乏营养吗？为了回答这个问题，我们分析了来自所有主要气气带9个不同山区的150多种植物叶片的矿物质营养成分（所有样品的凯氏定氮，一半样品的磷酸盐，仅阿尔卑斯山样品的K， Mg, Mn, Ca）。大部分资料来自草本多年生植物，但灌木和乔木也有研究。对阿尔卑斯山不同海拔的45种草本植物进行了氮分配研究。调查分为三类：(1)不同海拔地区物种群落的整体比较；(2)海拔梯度分析；(3)高海拔地区的附加收集。与其他矿质养分不同，氮含量遵循一致的海拔和纬度趋势。不论生命形式如何，无论在不同海拔调查的同类植物（相同或相关物种），高海拔样品的单位叶面积氮含量总是较高。草本植物单位干重氮含量（%）随海拔升高而增加（部分种约为4%），但常绿木本植物的N含量稳定（约为1%）。在低海拔和高海拔地区，草本植物分配给叶片的总氮的平均比例相同（占总氮的1/3）。区域高等植物生命上限的叶片N（%）显示出从亚北极到赤道山区的纬度递减趋势，这可能与年叶片活动的持续时间有关。由于每叶面积的平均氮含量在最上层的站点之间几乎没有差异，寿命预期（汇持续时间）似乎控制着碳投资，而不是每叶面积的氮输入。在高海拔地区，叶片的生长似乎受到控制，从而导致相对较高的营养含量，这反过来又支持高代谢活性。固有的发育生长限制抑制了植物体内的养分稀释，因此违背了植物-养分与土壤-养分关系的经典概念的应用，这些概念是为低地特别是栽培植物开发的。这些结果再次强调了氮含量、叶片硬化、叶片寿命和光合能力之间联系的全球意义。
Are plants at high altitudes short in nutrients? In order to answer this question the mineral nutrient content of leaves from over 150 plant species from 9 different mountain areas of all major climatic zones were analyzed (Kjeldahl nitrogen in all, phosphate in half of the samples, K, Mg, Mn, Ca in the Alps only). The majority of data are from herbaceous perennials, but shrubs and trees were studied as well. N-partitioning was studied in 45 herbaceous species from contrasting altitudes in the Alps. The survey falls into three categories: (1) comparisons of whole communities of species from contrasting altitudes, (2) analysis of altitudinal gradients, and (3) additional collections from high altitude sites alone. Unlike the other mineral nutrients, nitrogen content follows consistent altitudinal and latitudinal trends. The higher altitude sample always had higher N content per unit leaf area, irrespective of life form, wherever comparable plants (the same or related species) were investigated at contrasting altitudes. N content per unit dry weight (%) increased with altitude in herbaceous plants (in some species >4%), but was remarkably stable in evergreen woody plants (around 1%). The mean fraction of total plant N allocated to leaves of herbaceous plants in the Alps was the same at low and high altitude (1/3 of total). Leaf N (%) from the regional upper limits of higher plant life reveals a latitudinal decrease from subarctic to equatorial mountains, which may be related to the duration of annual leaf activity. Since mean N content per leaf area hardly differs between the uppermost sites, life span expectation (sink-duration) seems to control carbon investments rather than N input per leaf area. The growth of leaves at high altitude seems to be controlled in a way that leads to comparatively high nutrient contents, which in turn support high metabolic activity. Inherent developmental growth constraints inhibit nutrient dilution in the plant body and thus defy the application of classical concepts of plant-nutrient versus soil-nutrient relations developed for lowlands and in particular for cultivated plants. The results re-emphasize the global significance of links between nitrogen content, leaf sclerophylly, leaf longevity and photosynthetic capacity.