Histomorphological species identification of tiny bone fragments from a Paleolithic site in the Northern Japanese Archipelago
Histomorphological species identification of tiny bone fragments from a Paleolithic site in the Northern Japanese Archipelago
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.025
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
J. Sawada;T. Nara;Jun-ichi Fukui;Y. Dodo;K. Hirata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Sawada;T. Nara;Jun-ichi Fukui;Y. Dodo;K. Hirata
骨组织形态学是对骨碎片进行种属鉴定的有效方法。1997年至1998年，柏台1号旧石器时代晚期遗址的发掘工作。22-20.5 kyBP）在北海道（日本群岛的北方岛屿）发现了微小的骨骼碎片，这些碎片已经被烧成白色，并被破碎成小于1厘米的碎片，因此仅凭肉眼形态无法识别它们的物种。为了进行种属鉴定，对Kashiwadai 1骨碎片的薄切片进行了组织形态学分析。致密骨横截面采取中大型陆地哺乳动物在更新世和全新世北海道准备进行比较。Kashiwadai 1样品的结构由次级骨单位和丛状骨组成。考虑丛状骨的存在与不存在以及骨单位大小和骨皮质厚度的定量评估，可以区分中型鹿、大型偶蹄动物、中小型食肉动物、大型食肉动物、大象和人类。柏台1号样品的组织形态学特征与西卡和古西卡的组织形态学特征十分相似。一个可能的结论是，中型鹿是旧石器时代人在柏台1号遗址狩猎的主要猎物。有趣的是，这些样本并不包括大象或大型偶蹄动物，而这些动物是日本列岛其他旧石器时代遗址的主要物种。这是根据动物群遗骸首次发现的日本列岛旧石器时代晚期人类狩猎中型动物的证据。
Bone histomorphology is an effective method for species identification of fragmentary osseous remains. The 1997–1998 excavations of the Kashiwadai 1 Upper Paleolithic site (ca. 22–20.5 kyBP) in Hokkaido (the northern island of the Japanese Archipelago) yielded tiny bone fragments, which had been burned to white and broken into pieces less than 1 cm in size, making their species identification by gross morphology alone impossible. For the purpose of species identification, histomorphological analyses were performed on thin sections of the Kashiwadai 1 bone fragments. Compact bone cross sections taken from medium- to large-sized land mammals in the Pleistocene and Holocene Hokkaido were prepared for comparison. The structures of the Kashiwadai 1 samples consisted of secondary osteons and plexiform bone. Consideration of the presence versus absence of plexiform bone and quantitative assessments of osteon sizes and bone cortical thickness allows for distinction between medium-sized deer, large-sized artiodactyls, small- to medium-sized carnivores, large-sized carnivores, elephants, and humans. The histomorphological characteristics of the Kashiwadai 1 samples were quite similar to those of both sika deer and ancient sika deer. A probable conclusion is that medium-sized deer was the primary game hunted by Paleolithic people at the Kashiwadai 1 site. Interestingly, the samples did not include elephant or large-sized artiodactyls, which were the predominant species in other Paleolithic sites of the Japanese Archipelago. This is the first evidence of human hunting medium-sized animals in the Upper Paleolithic period of the Japanese Archipelago based on faunal remains.