Base Station and Passive Reflectors Placement for Urban mmWave Networks
Base Station and Passive Reflectors Placement for Urban mmWave Networks
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DOI：
10.1109/tvt.2021.3065221
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
C. K. Anjinappa;F. Erden;Ismail Güvenç
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. K. Anjinappa;F. Erden;Ismail Güvenç
毫米波(MmWave)频段在5G网络中的使用给网络规划带来了一系列新的挑战。在毫米波频率上易受阻塞和高路径损耗的影响，需要仔细规划网络以实现所需的服务质量。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的基于三维几何的框架，用于在城市环境中部署毫米波基站。我们还提供了无源金属反射器(PMR)的最佳部署解决方案，以将无线电覆盖范围扩展到非视线(NLOS)区域。特别是，我们执行可见性分析来寻找直接和间接的可见性区域，并且利用这些区域，我们得到了几何和阻塞辅助的路径损耗模型。然后，我们将网络规划问题描述为两个独立的优化问题，即GNB(S)和PMR的放置，以最大化覆盖面积，最小化部署成本，并保持期望的服务质量水平。我们使用通用地图测试了我们所提出的方法的有效性，并将我们的模拟结果与光线跟踪解决方案进行了比较。我们的模拟结果表明，在规划毫米波网络时考虑一阶反射有助于减少覆盖非视距区域所需的PMR数量。此外，借助PMR的GNB安置需要较少的GNB来覆盖同一区域，这反过来又降低了部署成本。
The use of millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands in 5G networks introduces a new set of challenges to network planning. Vulnerability to blockages and high path loss at mmWave frequencies require careful planning of the network to achieve a desired service quality. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D geometry-based framework for deploying mmWave base stations (gNBs) in urban environments by considering first-order reflection effects. We also provide a solution for the optimum deployment of passive metallic reflectors (PMRs) to extend radio coverage to non-line-of-sight (NLoS) areas. In particular, we perform visibility analysis to find the direct and indirect visibility regions, and using these, we derive a geometry-and-blockage-aided path loss model. We then formulate the network planning problem as two independent optimization problems, placement of gNB(s) and PMRs, to maximize the coverage area, minimize the deployment cost, and maintain a desired quality-of-service level. We test the efficacy of our proposed approach using a generic map and compare our simulation results with the ray tracing solution. Our simulation results show that considering the first-order reflections in planning the mmWave network helps reduce the number of PMRs required to cover the NLoS area. Moreover, the gNB placement aided with PMRs require fewer gNBs to cover the same area, which in turn reduces the deployment cost.