Subliminally Presented and Stored Objects Capture Spatial Attention
Subliminally Presented and Stored Objects Capture Spatial Attention
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5701-09.2010
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发表时间：
2010-03-10
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Scerif, Gaia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Astle, Duncan E.;Nobre, Anna C.;Scerif, Gaia
当物体从视野中消失时，我们仍然可以将它们记起，至少在短时间内是这样，因为我们可以在视觉短期记忆（VSTM）中代表这些物体（Sperling，1960；Cowan，2001）。这种表示的一个决定性特征是它是地形的，也就是说，它保留了基于原始视觉感知的空间组织（Vogel 和 Machizawa，2004；Astle 等，2009；Kuo 等，2009）。最近的研究还表明，与有意识的 VSTM 中保存的视觉项目的特征或位置相匹配的视觉项目的特征或位置会自动吸引我们的注意力（Awh 和 Jonides，2001；Oliver 等人，2006；Soto 等人，2008）。但是，即使参与者没有刻意记住它们，物体是否也会留下一些可以引导空间注意力的痕迹？此外，潜意识呈现的物体能否留下可以吸引注意力的地形排列的表示？我们在阈上或阈下呈现物体，然后 1 秒后在新位置重新呈现其中一个物体，作为“探针”形状。当参与者对探针形状做出任意的感知判断时，他们的隐性空间注意力被吸引到该形状的原始位置，无论其最初的呈现是阈上还是阈下。我们通过记忆驱动的注意力捕获的神经和行为测量来证明这一点。这些发现揭示了按地形排列的“视觉”物体的存在，其内容超出了我们的明确意识，但仍然引导着空间注意力。
When objects disappear from view, we can still bring them to mind, at least for brief periods of time, because we can represent those objects in visual short-term memory (VSTM) (Sperling, 1960; Cowan, 2001). A defining characteristic of this representation is that it is topographic, that is, it preserves a spatial organization based on the original visual percept (Vogel and Machizawa, 2004; Astle et al., 2009; Kuo et al., 2009). Recent research has also shown that features or locations of visual items that match those being maintained in conscious VSTM automatically capture our attention (Awh and Jonides, 2001; Olivers et al., 2006; Soto et al., 2008). But do objects leave some trace that can guide spatial attention, even without participants intentionally remembering them? Furthermore, could subliminally presented objects leave a topographically arranged representation that can capture attention? We presented objects either supraliminally or subliminally and then 1 s later re-presented one of those objects in a new location, as a "probe" shape. As participants made an arbitrary perceptual judgment on the probe shape, their covert spatial attention was drawn to the original location of that shape, regardless of whether its initial presentation had been supraliminal or subliminal. We demonstrate this with neural and behavioral measures of memory-driven attentional capture. These findings reveal the existence of a topographically arranged store of "visual" objects, the content of which is beyond our explicit awareness but which nonetheless guides spatial attention.