The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea
The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0804159105
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发表时间：
2008-08-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tiwari, B. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bajpai, Sunil;Kay, Richard F.;Tiwari, B. N.
毫无疑问，在非洲和亚洲的化石记录中，大约在始新世中期，大约45 Ma。在这里，我们报告发现了一种来自印度的始新世早期eosimiid灵长类动物，名为Anthrasiacidae，将亚洲的化石记录延长了900 - 1000万年。75个分类群和343个字符的头骨，postcranium，和齿的炭疽和生活和化石灵长类动物的系统发育分析表明，基础的位置炭疽之间eosimiids，证实了eosimiidae的的aprimidid状态，并建议冠haplorhines（眼镜猴和猴子）的姐妹分支Omomyoidea的始新世，不嵌套在一个omyoid clacle。类人猿总科、Omomyoidea和Adapoidea的共存表明，印度半岛是始新世早期现代灵长类（真灵长类）多样化的重要中心。适应性重建表明，早期的类人猿是老鼠大小（约75克），并消耗水果和昆虫的混合饮食。始祖鸟科与始新世晚期-渐新世早期非洲类人猿几乎没有适应性相似之处。
Undisputed anthropoids appear in the fossil record of Africa and Asia by the middle Eocene, about 45 Ma. Here, we report the discovery of an early Eocene eosimiid anthropoid primate from India, named Anthrasimias, that extends the Asian fossil record of anthropoids by 9-10 million years. A phylogenetic analysis of 75 taxa and 343 characters of the skull, postcranium, and dentition of Anthrasimias and living and fossil primates indicates the basal placement of Anthrasimias among eosimiids, confirms the anthropoid status of Eosimiidae, and suggests that crown haplorhines (tarsiers and monkeys) are the sister clade of Omomyoidea of the Eocene, not nested within an omomyoid clacle. Co-occurence of Anthropoidea, Omomyoidea, and Adapoidea makes it evident that peninsular India was an important center for the diversification of primates of modern aspect (euprimates) in the early Eocene. Adaptive reconstructions indicate that early anthropoids were mouse-lernur-sized (approximate to 75 grams) and consumed a mixed diet of fruit and insects. Eosimiids bear little adaptive resemblance to later Eocene-early Oligocene African Anthropoidea.