A Roadmap for Production of Cement and Concrete with Low-CO2 Emissions
A Roadmap for Production of Cement and Concrete with Low-CO2 Emissions
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DOI：
10.1007/s12649-020-01180-5
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发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
J. V. van Deventer;C. White;R. Myers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. V. van Deventer;C. White;R. Myers
这篇综述将表明，低CO2水泥可以产生上级耐久性，基于其微观结构的合理理解，以及它如何影响宏观工程性能。例如，在富含钙的碱活化体系中必须有铝，以抵消碱阳离子对C-（N-）A-S-H凝胶的解聚作用。碱金属阳离子结合到凝胶中的上限极大地影响混合物设计和源材料选择。低CO2水泥中水泥熟料的高取代量可能导致pH缓冲能力降低，从而对碳化和钢筋腐蚀敏感。通过仔细的配合比设计，更精细的孔隙结构和相关的较低渗透性仍然可以提供高度耐用的混凝土。这是必不可少的，以扩大当前和未来的胶凝材料的热力学数据库，使混凝土性能和耐久性可以预测时，使用低CO2粘合剂。阳离子共聚物和两性增塑剂，当商业化时，将促进碱活化材料的发展。超音速冲击波反应器的发展将使各种原始和二次源材料转化为胶凝材料，取代供应减少的高炉矿渣和粉煤灰。商业采用低CO2混凝土的主要障碍是现有标准和设计规范的规定性，因此迫切需要转向基于性能的标准。这里介绍的路线图不是当前水泥实践的延伸，而是整合基础研究、设备创新和商业机会的新方式。图形摘要
This review will show that low-CO2cements can be produced to give superior durability, based on a sound understanding of their microstructure and how it impacts macro-engineering properties. For example, it is essential that aluminium is available in calcium-rich alkali-activated systems to offset the depolymerisation effect of alkali cations on C-(N-)A-S-H gel. The upper limit on alkali cation incorporation into a gel greatly affects mix design and source material selection. A high substitution of cement clinker in low-CO2cements may result in a reduction of pH buffering capacity, hence susceptibility to carbonation and corrosion of steel reinforcement. With careful mix design, a more refined pore structure and associated lower permeability can still give a highly durable concrete. It is essential to expand thermodynamic databases for current and prospective cementitious materials so that concrete performance and durability can be predicted when using low-CO2binders. Cationic copolymer and amphoteric plasticisers, when available commercially, will enhance the development of alkali-activated materials. The development of supersonic shockwave reactors will enable the conversion of a wide range of virgin and secondary source materials into cementitious materials, replacing blast furnace slag and coal fly ash that have dwindling supply. A major obstacle to the commercial adoption of low-CO2concrete is the prescriptive nature of existing standards and design codes, so there is an urgent need to shift towards performance-based standards. The roadmap presented here is not an extension of current cement practice, but a new way of integrating fundamental research, equipment innovation, and commercial opportunity.Graphic Abstract