Observing the Formation of the Hubble Sequence in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
Observing the Formation of the Hubble Sequence in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
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DOI：
10.1086/378556
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发表时间：
2003-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Conselice;N. Grogin;S. Jogee;R. Lucas;T. Dahlén;D. D. de Mello-D.;J. Gardner;B. Mobasher;S. Ravindranath
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Conselice;N. Grogin;S. Jogee;R. Lucas;T. Dahlén;D. D. de Mello-D.;J. Gardner;B. Mobasher;S. Ravindranath
理解哈勃序列的物理形成仍然是最重要的未解决的天体物理学问题之一。现在可以有效地使用新的高级巡天照相机拍摄的深宽视场哈勃太空望远镜图像来完成原盘和原椭圆星系的观测。通过分析在大天文台起源深巡天南部发现的星系的浓度（C），不对称性（A）和团块值（S），我们能够识别可能形成哈勃序列的物体。使用这种方法，我们检测到一个相当大的人口的恒星形成发光的漫射物体和恒星形成发光的不对称物体之间的红移0.5 2和z < 1。发光的不对称物体以类似的丰度被发现，在z ~ 1处具有峰值。我们认为，这些星系是一个子集的现代磁盘和椭圆星系的形成。在z = 1和2之间的发光漫射天体的同向体积密度与明亮盘星系的局部密度相似，数值约为5 × 105 Gpc-3。这些天体的光谱能量分布大多与星爆或恒星形成的正常星系一致，平均未校正的消光星星形成率为~4 M/年。这些星系也有35%-40%的星星形成活动在1 < z < 2。我们简要地讨论了这些对象的影响，了解哈勃序列的起源。
Understanding the physical formation of the Hubble sequence remains one of the most important unsolved astrophysical problems. Searches for protodisks and proto-elliptical galaxies can now be effectively done using deep wide-field Hubble Space Telescope images taken with the new Advanced Camera for Surveys. Through an analysis of the concentrations (C), asymmetries (A), and clumpiness values (S) of galaxies found in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Field South, we are able to identify objects possibly forming onto the Hubble sequence. Using this approach, we detect a sizeable population of star-forming luminous diffuse objects and star-forming luminous asymmetric objects between redshifts 0.5 2 and z < 1. The luminous asymmetric objects are found at a similar abundance, with a peak at z ~ 1. We argue that these galaxies are a subset of modern disks and elliptical galaxies in formation. The comoving volume density of the luminous diffuse objects between z = 1 and 2 is similar to the local density of bright disk galaxies, with values ~5 × 105 Gpc-3. The spectral energy distributions of these objects are mostly consistent with starbursts, or star-forming normal galaxies, with average uncorrected for extinction star formation rates of ~4 M☉ yr-1. These galaxies also host 35%-40% of the star formation activity at 1 < z < 2. We briefly discuss the implications of these objects for understanding the origin of the Hubble sequence.