Tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and future challenges
Tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and future challenges
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DOI：
10.1111/sed.12724
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Andrade, Cesar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, Pedro J. M.;Andrade, Cesar
海啸沉积物是(过去)大型海啸事件的主要信息来源，因此对准确的危险评估至关重要。海啸矿床的研究在过去30年里得到了发展，但这仍然是一门年轻的地球科学学科。在2017年第五届国际海啸领域专题讨论会之后，有机会出版一期特刊，重点介绍当前的知识和未来的研究挑战。本文旨在简要回顾当前的最新研究，总结主要发现，并收集描述过去三十年所取得进展的相关著作。本文介绍了海啸沉积的相关性、独特的沉积特征及其与其他高能事件的区别。特别是在过去十年中，关于海啸沉积物的研究发表了令人难以置信的数量，其中许多研究质量很高，并提供了详细的文献综述。其中一些研究代表了这里讨论的当前进展。还提出了挑战，以推动关于海啸地球科学家能够而且应该解决的未来科学问题的讨论。陆上-近海记录耦合是海啸地球科学面临一些重大挑战的领域。此外，应用非破坏性高分辨率技术研究海啸沉积的内部结构和组成也可以提供进一步研究沉积的机会，并由此得出强迫机制的物理参数。另一个专题是更好地了解海啸事件的侵蚀特征，并继续努力通过开发更准确的年代测定方法来更好地纳入年龄估计方法。最后，还需要改进经验、向前和向后的数值模型，以便更好地有助于确定海啸事件的特征。
Tsunami deposits are the primary source of information on (past) large tsunami events and thereby are crucial for accurate hazard assessments. Tsunami deposits studies have developed over the last three decades, but this is still a young geoscience discipline. Following the 5(th) International Tsunami Field Symposium in 2017 an opportunity arose to publish a Special Issue focusing on present knowledge and future research challenges. This paper aims to briefly review current state-of-the-art research, summarizing major findings and gathering relevant works that describe the progress achieved over the last three decades. In this paper the relevance of tsunami deposits, their peculiar sedimentary characteristics and their differentiation from other high energy events are presented. Especially over the last decade an incredibly high number of studies have been published on tsunami deposits, many of which are of a high quality and provide detailed literature reviews. Some of these studies represent the current progress discussed here. Challenges are also introduced, to spur a discussion on future scientific questions that can and should be addressed by tsunami geoscientists. Coupling onshore-offshore records is an area where tsunami geoscience faces some of its major challenges. Moreover, the application of non-destructive high-resolution techniques to study the internal structure and composition of tsunami deposits can also provide an opportunity to further examine deposits, and from this derive physical parameters of the forcing mechanism. Another topic is better understanding of the erosional signature of tsunami events and a continuation of the effort to better incorporate age-estimation methods by developing more accurate dating methodology. Finally, there is also the need for the improvement of empirical, forward and regressive numerical models to better contribute to the characterization of tsunami events.