National Income and the Environment
National Income and the Environment
复制标题
国民收入与环境
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.279112
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Kriström
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Heal;B. Kriström
在本章中，我们回顾了国民收入的概念和国民收入核算的经济理论。有两个基石--费雪、林达尔和希克斯关于收入是一种可以延续到未来的支出水平的想法，以及从20世纪50年代和60年代的福利经济学和一般均衡中出现的收入是一种福利措施的概念。前者导致了大量的文献使用汉密尔顿或其一阶近似作为收入的措施。在回顾了这一理论体系和概念之间的联系之后，我们提出了扩展，然后考虑各种拟议的绿色会计体系如何与理论需求相匹配。我们还回顾了一些经验的应用。我们用大量篇幅讨论联合国提议的经济和环境核算体系以及各国统计局提议的核算改革。
In this chapter, we review the concept of national income and the economic theory of national income accounting. There are two building blocks - the ideas of Fisher, Lindahl, Hicks about income as an expenditure level that can be continued into the future, and the concept of income as a welfare measure that emerges from the welfare economics and general equilibrium of the 1950s and 1960s. The former have led to an extensive literature on the use of Hamiltonians or their first-order approximations as an income measure. After reviewing this body of theory and the connections between the concepts, we suggest extensions and then consider how various proposed green accounting systems match up to the theoretical desiderata. We also review a number of empirical applications. We devote considerable space to the United Nations' proposed System of Economic and Environmental Accounts, and to accounting reforms proposed by the statistical offices of various countries.