YOUNG CHILDRENS PERFORMANCE ON A TASK SENSITIVE TO THE MEMORY FUNCTIONS OF THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE IN ADULTS - THE DELAYED-NONMATCHING-TO-SAMPLE TASK - REVEALS PROBLEMS THAT ARE DUE TO NON-MEMORY-RELATED TASK DEMANDS
YOUNG CHILDRENS PERFORMANCE ON A TASK SENSITIVE TO THE MEMORY FUNCTIONS OF THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE IN ADULTS - THE DELAYED-NONMATCHING-TO-SAMPLE TASK - REVEALS PROBLEMS THAT ARE DUE TO NON-MEMORY-RELATED TASK DEMANDS
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DOI：
10.1037/0735-7044.108.4.659
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发表时间：
1994-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
BOYER, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DIAMOND, A;TOWLE, C;BOYER, K
对儿童的延迟不匹配表现进行了检查，发现即使在5-S延迟的情况下，从12个月到近2岁，儿童的延迟不匹配表现也很差，尽管5-S在这样的儿童的记忆能力之内。12个月后，表现没有延迟(5岁或30岁的S)。由于儿童的问题似乎在很大程度上与任务的记忆需求无关，最后的两项研究探索了其他认知能力(抽象规则的推演、处理速度和对干扰或分心的抵抗力)的作用。告诉孩子这条规则或将样本演示时间增加四倍几乎没有什么效果。因为显著的刺激(奖励)可能会干扰一个人将注意力集中在样本上，所以在最初的样本展示过程中，奖励被省略了。这是有帮助的；在5-S延迟的情况下，15个月大的婴儿在基本情况下的表现至少与21个月大的婴儿一样好，12个月大的婴儿的表现几乎一样好。对第二年认知能力的改善和内侧颞叶的功能的影响进行了讨论。
Delayed nonmatching-to-sample performance was examined in children and found to be poor from 12 months until almost 2 years even at 5-s delay, although 5 s is well within such children's memory capacity. After 12 months of age, performance did not differ by delay (5 or 30 s). Because children's problems seemed largely unrelated to the task's memory demands, the 2 final studies explored the role of other cognitive abilities (deduction of an abstract rule, speed of processing, and resistance to interference or distraction). Telling children the rule or quadrupling sample presentation time had little effect. Because a salient stimulus (the reward) might interfere with keeping one's attention on the sample, the reward was omitted during initial sample presentation. This helped; at the 5-s delay, 15-month-olds performed at least as well as 21-month-olds in the basic condition, and 12-month-olds performed almost as well. Implications for the cognitive abilities improving during the 2nd year and for the functions of the medial temporal lobe are discussed.