Mitigation of enteric methane emissions through improving efficiency of energy utilization and productivity in lactating dairy cows.
Mitigation of enteric methane emissions through improving efficiency of energy utilization and productivity in lactating dairy cows.
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2009-2929
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发表时间：
2010-06
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
T. Yan;C. Mayne;F. G. Gordon;M. G. Porter;R. E. Agnew;D. C. Patterson;C. Ferris;D. Kilpatrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Yan;C. Mayne;F. G. Gordon;M. G. Porter;R. E. Agnew;D. C. Patterson;C. Ferris;D. Kilpatrick
本研究中使用的数据集来自20项能量代谢研究，涉及579头泌乳奶牛（511头荷斯坦黑白花奶牛，36头挪威红奶牛和32头泽西荷斯坦杂交奶牛），这些奶牛的遗传价值、泌乳次数、泌乳阶段和活重各不相同。这些奶牛被提供饲料的基础上，草青贮饲料（n=550）或鲜草（n=29），和他们的能量摄入量和输出，包括甲烷能量（CH（4）-E），在间接开路呼吸量热计室测量。目的是使用这些数据来评估CH（4）-E输出和一系列因素之间的关系，在动物生产和能量效率的泌乳奶牛在正常的喂养方案。CH（4）-E占牛奶能量输出（E（l））、调整至零能量平衡的E（l）（E（l（0）或总能量（GE）摄入量的比例、可消化能（DE）或代谢能（ME）与与牛奶产量（E（l）和E（l（0）和能量参数相关的广泛变量显着相关（能量摄入、代谢、分配和利用效率）。三组线性关系的开发与实验效果删除。CH（4）-E/GE摄入量（r（2）=0.50-0.62）和CH（4）-E/E（1）（r（2）=0.41-0.68）随饲养水平、E（1）/代谢体重（MBW; kg（0.75））、E（1（0））/MBW、GE摄入量/MBW、DE摄入量/MBW和ME摄入量/MBW的增加而降低。增加日粮ME/DE降低CH（4）-E/E（1）（r（2）=0.46）和CH（4）-E/GE摄入量（r（2）=0.72）。日粮ME浓度和ME/GE与CH（4）-E/GE呈负相关（r（2）=0.47）。然而，增加产热/ME摄入增加CH（4）-E作为E（1）（r（2）=0.41）、E（1（0））（r（2）=0.67）和能量摄入（GE、DE和ME; r（2）=0.62和0.70）的比例。这些比例CH（4）-E变量随着E（1）/ME摄入量和E（1（0））/ME摄入量的比例以及泌乳期ME利用效率的增加而降低（r（2）=0.49-0.70）。将CH（4）-E/E（1）或CH（4）-E/E（1（0））与这些能量效率拟合成二次关系而不是线性关系显著增加了r（2）值（0.49-0.67对0.59-0.87）。总之，CH（4）-E作为能量摄入（GE、DE和ME）和产奶量（E（1）和E（1（0））的比例可以通过增加产奶量和产奶的能量效率或通过减少维持的能量消耗来降低。选择能量利用效率高、产奶量高的奶牛是降低肠道CH（4）排放率的有效途径。
The data set used in the present study was obtained from 20 energy metabolism studies involving 579 lactating dairy cows (511 Holstein-Friesian, 36 Norwegian Red, and 32 Jersey-Holstein crossbreds) varying in genetic merit, lactation number, stage of lactation, and live weight. These cows were offered diets based on grass silage (n=550) or fresh grass (n=29), and their energy intake and outputs, including methane energy (CH(4)-E), were measured in indirect open-circuit respiration calorimeter chambers. The objective was to use these data to evaluate relationships between CH(4)-E output and a range of factors in animal production and energetic efficiency in lactating dairy cows under normal feeding regimens. The CH(4)-E as a proportion of milk energy output (E(l)), E(l) adjusted to zero energy balance (E(l(0))), or intakes of gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), or metabolizable energy (ME) was significantly related to a wide range of variables associated with milk production (E(l) and E(l(0))) and energy parameters (energy intake, metabolizability, partitioning, and utilization efficiencies). Three sets of linear relationships were developed with experimental effects removed. The CH(4)-E/GE intake (r(2)=0.50-0.62) and CH(4)-E/E(l) (r(2)=0.41-0.68) were reduced with increasing feeding level, E(l)/metabolic body weight (MBW; kg(0.75)), E(l(0))/MBW, GE intake/MBW, DE intake/MBW, and ME intake/MBW. Increasing dietary ME/DE decreased CH(4)-E/E(l) (r(2)=0.46) and CH(4)-E/GE intake (r(2)=0.72). Dietary ME concentration and ME/GE were also negatively related to CH(4)-E/GE intake (r(2)=0.47). However, increasing heat production/ME intake increased CH(4)-E as a proportion of E(l) (r(2)=0.41), E(l(0)) (r(2)=0.67) and energy intake (GE, DE, and ME; r(2)=0.62 and 0.70). These proportional CH(4)-E variables were reduced with increasing ratios of E(l)/ME intake and E(l(0))/ME intake and efficiency of ME use for lactation (r(2)=0.49-0.70). Fitting CH(4)-E/E(l) or CH(4)-E/E(l(0)) against these energetic efficiencies in quadratic rather than linear relationships significantly increased r(2) values (0.49-0.67 vs. 0.59-0.87). In conclusion, CH(4)-E as a proportion of energy intake (GE, DE, and ME) and milk production (E(l) and E(l(0))) can be reduced by increasing milk yield and energetic efficiency of milk production or by reducing energy expenditure for maintenance. The selection of dairy cows with high energy utilization efficiencies and milk productivity offers an effective approach to reducing enteric CH(4) emission rates.