Testing the equivalence principle in the field of the Earth: Particle physics at masses below 1 microeV?
Testing the equivalence principle in the field of the Earth: Particle physics at masses below 1 microeV?
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测试地球领域的等效原理：质量低于 1 微电子伏的粒子物理学？
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.42.3267
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rogers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adelberger;Stubbs;Heckel;Su;Swanson;Smith;Gundlach;Rogers
A sensitive, systematic search for feeble, macroscopic forces arising from the exchange of hypothetical ultra-low-mass bosons was made by observing the differential acceleration of two different test body pairs toward two different sources. Our differential accelerometer\char22{}a highly symmetric, continuously rotating torsion balance\char22{}incorporated several innovations that effectively suppressed systematic errors. All known sources of systematic error were demonstrated to be negligible in comparison to our fluctuating errors which are roughly 7 times larger than the fundamental limit set by the fact that we observe an oscillator at room temperature with a given damping time. Our $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ limits on the horizontal differential acceleration of Be/Al or Be/Cu test body pairs in the field of the Earth, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{a}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ cm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{a}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ cm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, respectively, set improved bounds on Yukawa interactions mediated by bosons with masses ranging between ${m}_{b}{c}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ and ${m}_{b}{c}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV. For example, our constraints on infinite-range vector interactions with charges of $B$ and of $B\ensuremath{-}L$ are roughly 10 and 2 times more sensitive than those obtained by Roll, Krotkov and Dicke using the field of the Sun. Furthermore we set stringent constraints down to $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1$ m, while those of solar experiments are weak for $\ensuremath{\lambda}l1$ AU. In terms of the weak equivalence principle in the field of the Earth, our $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ result corresponds to $\frac{{m}_{i}}{{m}_{g}(\mathrm{Cu})}\ensuremath{-}\frac{{m}_{i}}{{m}_{g}(\mathrm{Be})}=(0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$. Our results also yield stringent constraints on the nonsymmetric gravitation theory of Moffat and on the anomalous acceleration of antimatter in proposed "quantum gravity" models, and have implications for lunar-ranging tests of the strong equivalence principle. Our $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ limit on the differential acceleration of Be/Al test body pairs toward a 1.5 Mg Pb laboratory source, $\ensuremath{\Delta}a=(\ensuremath{-}0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.31)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ cm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, provides constraints on Yukawa interactions with ranges down to 10 cm, and on interactions whose charge is $B\ensuremath{-}2L$.
A sensitive, systematic search for feeble, macroscopic forces arising from the exchange of hypothetical ultra-low-mass bosons was made by observing the differential acceleration of two different test body pairs toward two different sources. Our differential accelerometer\char22{}a highly symmetric, continuously rotating torsion balance\char22{}incorporated several innovations that effectively suppressed systematic errors. All known sources of systematic error were demonstrated to be negligible in comparison to our fluctuating errors which are roughly 7 times larger than the fundamental limit set by the fact that we observe an oscillator at room temperature with a given damping time. Our $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ limits on the horizontal differential acceleration of Be/Al or Be/Cu test body pairs in the field of the Earth, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{a}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ cm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{a}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ cm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, respectively, set improved bounds on Yukawa interactions mediated by bosons with masses ranging between ${m}_{b}{c}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ and ${m}_{b}{c}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV. For example, our constraints on infinite-range vector interactions with charges of $B$ and of $B\ensuremath{-}L$ are roughly 10 and 2 times more sensitive than those obtained by Roll, Krotkov and Dicke using the field of the Sun. Furthermore we set stringent constraints down to $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1$ m, while those of solar experiments are weak for $\ensuremath{\lambda}l1$ AU. In terms of the weak equivalence principle in the field of the Earth, our $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ result corresponds to $\frac{{m}_{i}}{{m}_{g}(\mathrm{Cu})}\ensuremath{-}\frac{{m}_{i}}{{m}_{g}(\mathrm{Be})}=(0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$. Our results also yield stringent constraints on the nonsymmetric gravitation theory of Moffat and on the anomalous acceleration of antimatter in proposed "quantum gravity" models, and have implications for lunar-ranging tests of the strong equivalence principle. Our $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ limit on the differential acceleration of Be/Al test body pairs toward a 1.5 Mg Pb laboratory source, $\ensuremath{\Delta}a=(\ensuremath{-}0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.31)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ cm ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, provides constraints on Yukawa interactions with ranges down to 10 cm, and on interactions whose charge is $B\ensuremath{-}2L$.