Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections
Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections
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DOI：
10.1080/22221751.2020.1780951
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Wang, Lin-Fa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chia, Wan Ni;Tan, Chee Wah;Wang, Lin-Fa
为应对由SARS-CoV-2引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发，需要进行多种诊断测试，以进行急性疾病诊断、接触者追踪、监测无症状感染率和评估群体免疫力。虽然PCR仍然是急性诊断环境中首选的一线检测，但迫切需要血清学检测。与高度特异性的PCR检测不同，交叉反应性是COVID-19抗体检测的主要挑战，因为已知还有六种其他冠状病毒感染人类。SARS-CoV与SARS-CoV-2具有约80%的同源性，均属于冠状病毒科β冠状病毒属SARS相关冠状病毒。我们开发并比较了四种不同血清学检测的性能，以全面评估COVID-19和SARS患者血清之间的交叉反应性。当使用任一病毒的N蛋白时，存在显著的交叉反应性。来自刺突（S）蛋白的S1或RBD区域提供更好的特异性。在不同的平台中，捕获ELISA表现最好。我们发现SARS幸存者在感染后17年的血液中都有大量的抗体残留。抗-N抗体比抗-RBD抗体减弱更多，并且已知后者在提供保护性免疫中发挥更重要的作用。
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific, cross-reactivity is a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. SARS-CoV is genetically related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80% sequence identity and both belong to the speciesSARS related coronavirusin the genusBetacoronavirusof familyCoronaviridae. We developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. There is significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either virus is used. The S1 or RBD regions from the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. We found that SARS survivors all have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. Anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity.