Human evolution in a variable environment: the amplifier lakes of Eastern Africa

Human evolution in a variable environment: the amplifier lakes of Eastern Africa
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多变环境中的人类进化:东非的放大湖

DOI:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.007
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Tiedemann
Tiedemann
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Trauth;Maslin;Junginger;Strecker;Tiedemann

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新生代东非裂谷系统的发展深刻地改变了地貌,并大大增加了短期环境对气候变化的反应幅度。特别是,300万年前裂谷盆地中的放大湖的发展大大有助于东非对气候变化的异常敏感性,与非洲大陆其他地方相比。放大器湖泊的特点是构造形成的地堑形态,结合在集水区的高架部分的高降水量和高蒸发在湖区之间的极端对比。这种放大器湖泊对温和的、岁差迫使的气候变化迅速作出反应,并在此过程中对生物圈施加巨大的环境压力。裂谷盆地,无论是极端干燥或湖泊填充,形成迁移,混合和不同种群的动物和人类的竞争的重要障碍。放大湖连接长期,高振幅的构造过程和短期的环境波动。东非可能已经成为早期人类进化的地方,因为不同时间尺度之间的这种强烈联系。
The development of the Cenozoic East African Rift System (EARS) profoundly re-shaped the landscape and significantly increased the amplitude of short-term environmental response to climate variation. In particular, the development of amplifier lakes in rift basins after three million years ago significantly contributed to the exceptional sensitivity of East Africa to climate change compared to elsewhere on the African continent. Amplifier lakes are characterized by tectonically-formed graben morphologies in combination with an extreme contrast between high precipitation in the elevated parts of the catchment and high evaporation in the lake area. Such amplifier lakes respond rapidly to moderate, precessional-forced climate shifts, and as they do so apply dramatic environmental pressure to the biosphere. Rift basins, when either extremely dry or lake-filled, form important barriers for migration, mixing and competition of different populations of animals and hominins. Amplifier lakes link long-term, high-amplitude tectonic processes and short-term environmental fluctuations. East Africa may have become the place where early humans evolved as a consequence of this strong link between different time scales.
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