The evolutionary origin of human hyper-cooperation
The evolutionary origin of human hyper-cooperation
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms5747
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
van Schaik, C. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burkart, J. M.;Allon, O.;van Schaik, C. P.
主动，也就是主动的，亲社会性是我们超合作的关键组成部分，这反过来又使各种独特的人类特征出现，包括复杂的认知，道德和累积的文化和技术。然而，人类亲社会情绪的进化基础仍然知之甚少，主要是因为灵长类动物的数据，从众多的，往往是不可否认的测试范式不提供一个充分的基础，正式测试的各种功能假设。因此，我们提出了在24组15个灵长类物种，包括人类的标准化亲社会性实验的结果。广泛的同种异体护理是迄今为止最好的预测种间变异的积极亲社会性。因此，只要选择有利于合作育种的进化，积极的亲社会动机就会系统地出现。由于人类的数据符合灵长类动物的这种普遍模式，我们的人类祖先采用合作繁殖也为人类高度合作的起源提供了最简洁的解释。
Proactive, that is, unsolicited, prosociality is a key component of our hyper-cooperation, which in turn has enabled the emergence of various uniquely human traits, including complex cognition, morality and cumulative culture and technology. However, the evolutionary foundation of the human prosocial sentiment remains poorly understood, largely because primate data from numerous, often incommensurable testing paradigms do not provide an adequate basis for formal tests of the various functional hypotheses. We therefore present the results of standardized prosociality experiments in 24 groups of 15 primate species, including humans. Extensive allomaternal care is by far the best predictor of interspecific variation in proactive prosociality. Proactive prosocial motivations therefore systematically arise whenever selection favours the evolution of cooperative breeding. Because the human data fit this general primate pattern, the adoption of cooperative breeding by our hominin ancestors also provides the most parsimonious explanation for the origin of human hyper-cooperation.