Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies?
Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665110001588
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
White, Philip J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broadley, Martin R.;White, Philip J.
人体需要至少20种无机元素（“矿物质”）来维持正常功能。然而，世界上大部分人口可能缺乏一种或多种必需矿物质，患生理疾病的风险增加。解决这些“隐性饥饿”是营养和农业部门面临的一项挑战。人群中的矿物质缺乏通常通过饮食调查来确定，因为（1）矿物质主要从饮食来源获得，（2）矿物质状态的（生物）测定可能不可靠。虽然膳食调查可能会低估能量摄入量，但调查显示，9%的英国和美国成年人摄入钙和镁，14%的成年人摄入钾，其摄入量低于英国的参考营养素摄入量下限，因此存在缺乏的风险。膳食钙、镁和钾摄入量低可能是由能量营养不良以及文化和经济因素导致的。例如，谷物通常取代饮食中的蔬菜和水果。谷物具有低浓度的几种矿物质，特别是钙，作为其生理学的结果。当谷类作物生长在矿物质植物利用率低的土壤中时，以及当谷物加工时，谷物矿物质含量低。在本文中，增加蔬菜消费和园艺生物强化，即通过育种和农艺学提高作物矿物质含量，对主要矿物质钙，镁和钾的摄入量的影响进行了评估。尽管园艺作物的能量摄入量一般较低，但增加蔬菜消费和生物强化将显著改善膳食中钙、镁和钾的摄入量。
Human individuals require at least 20 inorganic elements ('minerals') for normal functioning. However, much of the world's population is probably deficient in one or more essential minerals and at increased risk of physiological disorders. Addressing these 'hidden hungers' is a challenge for the nutrition and agriculture sectors. Mineral deficiencies among populations are typically identified from dietary surveys because (1) minerals are acquired primarily from dietary sources and (2) (bio)assays of mineral status can be unreliable. While dietary surveys are likely to under-report energy intakes, surveys show that 9% of all UK and US adults consume Ca and Mg, and 14% of adults consume K, at quantities below the UK lower reference nutrient intake, and are therefore at risk of deficiency. Low dietary Ca, Mg and K intakes can be caused by energy-malnourishment and by cultural and economic factors driving dietary conservatism. For example, cereal grains routinely displace vegetables and fruits in the diet. Cereal grains have low concentrations of several minerals, notably Ca, as a consequence of their physiology. Low grain mineral concentrations are compounded when cereal crops are grown in soils of low mineral phytoavailability and when grain is processed. In this paper, the impact of increased vegetable consumption and horticultural biofortification, i.e. enhancing crop mineral content through breeding and agronomy, on intakes of the major minerals Ca, Mg and K is assessed. Despite low energy intake from horticultural crops generally, increased vegetable consumption and biofortification would significantly improve dietary intakes of Ca, Mg and K.