Population of anatomically variable 4D XCAT adult phantoms for imaging research and optimization
Population of anatomically variable 4D XCAT adult phantoms for imaging research and optimization
复制标题
DOI：
10.1118/1.4794178
复制
发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Samei, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Segars, W. P.;Bond, Jason;Samei, E.
目的：作者先前开发了4D扩展心躯干（XCAT）幻像用于多模态成像研究。XCAT由标准男性和女性成人的非常详细的全身模型组成，包括心脏和呼吸运动。在这项工作中，作者通过开发一系列用于成像研究的解剖学变量4D XCAT成人幻影，将XCAT扩展到这些参考解剖学之外，这是第一个4D计算幻影库。方法：每个幻肢的初始解剖是基于从杜克大学数据库中获得的正常患者的胸腹骨盆计算机断层扫描数据。利用非均匀有理b样条曲面对每个幻体的主要器官和结构进行分割和定义。为了完成身体，作者使用原始的XCAT成年男性和女性解剖结构手动添加了头部、手臂和腿部。这些结构是按照病人的年龄和解剖结构进行调整的。然后使用多通道大变形微分对称度量映射算法计算从模板XCAT幻影（男性或女性）到目标患者模型的转换。将变换应用于模板XCAT，以填充目标幻体内任何未分割的结构，并在新解剖中实现4D心脏和呼吸模型。每个新的幻影都是通过检查模型来检查解剖精度来改进的。结果：使用这些方法，作者创建了一系列具有数千个解剖结构的计算机化模型，并模拟了心脏和呼吸运动。该数据库包括58个(35个男性和23个女性)解剖学上可变的幻影。像最初的XCAT一样，这些模型可以与现有的模拟包结合起来模拟真实的成像数据。每个新的幻影都包含解剖学和心脏和呼吸运动的参数化模型，因此，可以作为一个跳跃点，从中创建无限数量的3D和4D变化，用于成像研究。结论：为了更接近地模拟临床研究或试验，需要一组包括一系列解剖学变异的幻影，以代表广大公众。在这项工作中开发的一系列解剖学变量幻影为研究3D和4D成像设备以及解剖学和运动在成像中的影响提供了宝贵的资源。结合蒙特卡罗模拟程序，幻影也提供了一个有价值的工具来调查患者特定的剂量和图像质量，并为成人进行成像程序的优化。(C) 2013年美国医学物理学家协会。[http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4794178]
Purpose: The authors previously developed the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom for multimodality imaging research. The XCAT consisted of highly detailed whole-body models for the standard male and female adult, including the cardiac and respiratory motions. In this work, the authors extend the XCAT beyond these reference anatomies by developing a series of anatomically variable 4D XCAT adult phantoms for imaging research, the first library of 4D computational phantoms.Methods: The initial anatomy of each phantom was based on chest-abdomen-pelvis computed tomography data from normal patients obtained from the Duke University database. The major organs and structures for each phantom were segmented from the corresponding data and defined using nonuniform rational B-spline surfaces. To complete the body, the authors manually added on the head, arms, and legs using the original XCAT adult male and female anatomies. The structures were scaled to best match the age and anatomy of the patient. A multichannel large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping algorithm was then used to calculate the transform from the template XCAT phantom (male or female) to the target patient model. The transform was applied to the template XCAT to fill in any unsegmented structures within the target phantom and to implement the 4D cardiac and respiratory models in the new anatomy. Each new phantom was refined by checking for anatomical accuracy via inspection of the models.Results: Using these methods, the authors created a series of computerized phantoms with thousands of anatomical structures and modeling cardiac and respiratory motions. The database consists of 58 (35 male and 23 female) anatomically variable phantoms in total. Like the original XCAT, these phantoms can be combined with existing simulation packages to simulate realistic imaging data. Each new phantom contains parameterized models for the anatomy and the cardiac and respiratory motions and can, therefore, serve as a jumping point from which to create an unlimited number of 3D and 4D variations for imaging research.Conclusions: A population of phantoms that includes a range of anatomical variations representative of the public at large is needed to more closely mimic a clinical study or trial. The series of anatomically variable phantoms developed in this work provide a valuable resource for investigating 3D and 4D imaging devices and the effects of anatomy and motion in imaging. Combined with Monte Carlo simulation programs, the phantoms also provide a valuable tool to investigate patient-specific dose and image quality, and optimization for adults undergoing imaging procedures. (C) 2013 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4794178]